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On 19 May 2017, the bill that would allow Akihito to abdicate was issued by the [[Cabinet of Japan]]. On 8 June 2017, the [[National Diet]] passed it into law, permitting the government to begin arranging the process of handing over the position to [[Naruhito|Crown Prince Naruhito]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-40168983 |title=Japan passes landmark bill for Emperor Akihito to abdicate |work=BBC News |date=8 June 2017 |access-date=21 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428095632/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-40168983 |archive-date=28 April 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> This meant the [[Imperial Household Law]] was changed for the first time since 1949. The abdication officially occurred on 30 April 2019.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-48020703|title=Japan's Emperor Akihito abdicates|work=BBC News|date=30 April 2019|access-date=1 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501003243/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-48020703|archive-date=1 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2017/12/01/national/emperors-abdication-date-confirmed-april-30-2019/|title=Japan sets date for Emperor Akihito's abdication as April 30, 2019|first=Tomohiro|last=Osaki|date=1 December 2017|website=Japantimes.co.jp|access-date=6 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111194457/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2017/12/01/national/emperors-abdication-date-confirmed-april-30-2019/|archive-date=11 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
He received the title of {{Nihongo|Jōkō|上皇|extra=Emperor Emeritus}}, an abbreviation of {{Nihongo|[[Daijō Tennō]]|太上天皇}}, upon abdicating, and his wife, the Empress, became {{Nihongo|Jōkōgō|上皇后|extra=Empress Emerita}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://the-japan-news.com/news/article/0004115774
== Imperial Household Council ==
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The Imperial Household Council consists of the [[Prime Minister of Japan|prime minister]], the [[Speaker of the House of Representatives (Japan)|speaker and vice-speaker]] of the [[House of Representatives (Japan)|House of Representatives]], the [[President of the House of Councillors|president and vice-president]] of the [[House of Councillors]], the [[grand steward]] of the [[Imperial Household Agency]], the [[Chief Justice of Japan|chief justice]] and one justice of the [[Supreme Court of Japan|Supreme Court]], and two members of the [[Imperial House of Japan|Imperial family]]. [[Fumihito, Crown Prince of Japan|Fumihito, Prince Akishino]], the Emperor's younger son, asked to [[Judicial disqualification|recuse]] himself as he would become the next Crown Prince. He was replaced by [[Masahito, Prince Hitachi]], the Emperor's 82-year-old younger brother. The other member of the imperial family was Hitachi's wife, [[Hanako, Princess Hitachi]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20171201/p2g/00m/0dm/039000c|title=Emperor Akihito to abdicate on April 30, 2019|date=2017-12-01|work=Mainichi Daily News|access-date=2019-05-04|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190504194854/https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20171201/p2g/00m/0dm/039000c|archive-date=4 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[Chief Cabinet Secretary]] [[Yoshihide Suga]] told reporters that the date was chosen to permit the old Emperor to be able to preside over the 30th anniversary Jubilee and to coincide with the [[Golden Week (Japan)|Golden Week]] annual holiday period, turning the changeover from a period of mourning and makeshift ceremonial into a joyous, well-planned festival.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://japantoday.com/category/politics/Emperor-Akihito-to-abdicate-on-April-30-2019|title=Emperor Akihito to abdicate on April 30, 2019|website=Japantoday.com|date=December 2017 |access-date=6 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203224525/https://japantoday.com/category/politics/Emperor-Akihito-to-abdicate-on-April-30-2019|archive-date=3 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
Finally, on 8 December 2017, the government created a special committee to oversee the events. According to Yoshihide Suga: "It will deal with the matter properly, taking into consideration the possible impact on the people's lives."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2017/12/05/national/special-panel-set-formally-approve-emperor-akihitos-abdication-date-april-30-2019/|title=Special panel set to formally approve Emperor Akihito's abdication date as April 30, 2019|date=5 December 2017|website=Japantimes.co.jp|access-date=6 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202204303/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2017/12/05/national/special-panel-set-formally-approve-emperor-akihitos-abdication-date-april-30-2019/|archive-date=2 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
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While the Era names for the [[Shōwa era|Shōwa]] and [[Heisei era]]s were kept state secrets until the deaths of the previous emperors, that was not possible in this case, because an abdication is unprecedented since the 1889 [[Meiji Constitution]] was adopted. In order to prevent divisive debate on the subject, delaying the announcement as late as is practically possible, either the old Emperor's birthday or his Jubilee celebrations had been suggested.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2018/02/17/national/japan-may-defer-announcement-new-era-name-year-end-later/|title=Japan may delay release of new era name until year-end or later|date=17 February 2018|via=Japan Times Online|access-date=4 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180305063804/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2018/02/17/national/japan-may-defer-announcement-new-era-name-year-end-later/|archive-date=5 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
Until the Era name became known, computers and software manufacturers needed to test their systems before the transition in order to ensure that the new era will be handled correctly by their software. Some systems provided test mechanisms to simulate a new era ahead of time.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/shawnste/2018/04/12/the-japanese-calendars-y2k-moment/|title=The Japanese Calendar's Y2K Moment|date=12 April 2018 |access-date=21 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622005137/https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/shawnste/2018/04/12/the-japanese-calendars-y2k-moment/|archive-date=22 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
The new Era name, {{Nihongo|[[Reiwa]]|令和}}, was revealed on 1 April 2019 by [[Chief Cabinet Secretary]] [[Yoshihide Suga]] during a televised press conference.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/in-japan-reiwa-becomes-the-new-name-for-a-new-era-under-a-new-emperor/2019/04/01/8e60752c-5430-11e9-a047-748657a0a9d1_story.html |title=Japan names new imperial era 'Reiwa,' a symbol of the country's hopes for the future |last=Denyer |first=Simon |date=2019-04-01 |newspaper=The Washington Post|language=en-US |access-date=2019-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402195337/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/in-japan-reiwa-becomes-the-new-name-for-a-new-era-under-a-new-emperor/2019/04/01/8e60752c-5430-11e9-a047-748657a0a9d1_story.html |archive-date=2 April 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
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=== Dignitaries ===
The ceremony was attended by representatives of around 174 countries, including foreign heads of state and government.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2019-10-20 |title=Japan ready for
==== Japanese Imperial Family ====
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*21 April: Local elections happen in Japan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/calendar-2019/|title=calendar 2019|date=7 January 2019|website=The Japan Times|access-date=12 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113122438/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/calendar-2019/|archive-date=13 January 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
*23 April: {{Nihongo|''Shōwa-Tennō-Sanryō-ni-Shin'etsu-no-gi''|昭和天皇山陵に親謁の儀}} The Emperor and Empress pay respects at the mausoleum of his late father, [[Hirohito|Emperor Shōwa]], at the [[Musashi Imperial Graveyard]] in [[Hachiōji]], [[Tokyo]].<ref name="firstceremolist" />
*27 April: Extra Holiday: Start of Golden Week holiday season.<ref name="mainichi.jp">{{Cite web |url=https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20180330/p2g/00m/0dm/039000c
*28 April: Extra Holiday
*29 April: [[Shōwa Day]]
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