Human-centered computing: Difference between revisions

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'''Human-centered computing''' ('''HCC''') studies the design, development, and deployment of mixed-initiative human-computer systems. It is emerged from the convergence of multiple disciplines that are concerned both with understanding human beings and with the design of computational artifacts.<ref name=":2">{{cite journal | url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242103770 | title=Human-centered computing: toward a human revolution | journal=Computer | volume=40 | issue=5 | pages=30–34 | date=Nov 20, 2007 |author1=Alejandro Jaimes |author2=Daniel Gatica-Perez |author3=Nicu Sebe |author4=Thomas S. Huang | doi=10.1109/MC.2007.169 | s2cid=2180344 }}</ref> Human-centered computing is closely related to [[human-computer interaction]] and [[information science]]. Human-centered computing is usually concerned with systems and practices of technology use while human-computer interaction is more focused on [[ergonomics]] and the [[usability]] of computing artifacts and information science is focused on practices surrounding the collection, manipulation, and use of [[information]].

Human-centered computing researchers and practitioners usually come from one or more of disciplines such as [[computer science]], [[human factors]], [[sociology]], [[psychology]], [[cognitive science]], [[anthropology]], [[communication studies]], [[graphic design]] , and [[industrial design]]. Some researchers focus on understanding humans, both as individuals and in social groups, by focusing on the ways that human beings adopt and organize their lives around computational technologies. Others focus on designing and developing new computational artifacts.

== Overview ==

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=== HCC topics ===

The [[National Science Foundation]] (NSF) defines the trends of HCCthree-dimensional research as "a three dimensional space comprising human, computer, and environment."<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title = US NSF - CISE - IIS|url = https://www.nsf.gov/cise/iis/hcc_pgm.jsp|website = www.nsf.gov|access-date = 2015-04-17}}</ref> According to the NSF, the human dimension ranges from research that supports individual needs, through teams as goal-oriented groups, to society as an unstructured collection of connected people. The computer dimension ranges from fixed computing devices, through mobile devices, to computational systems of visual/audio devices that are embedded in the surrounding physical environment. The environment dimension ranges from discrete physical computational devices, through mixed reality systems, to immersive virtual environments.<ref name=":1" /> Some examples of topics in the field are listed below.

==== List of topics in the HCC field ====

* Problem-solving in distributed environments, ranging across Internet-based information systems, grids, sensor-based information networks, and mobile and wearable information appliances.

* Multimedia and [[Multimodal interaction|multi-modal]] interfaces in which combinations of speech, text, graphics, gesture, movement, touch, sound, etc. are used by people and machines to communicate with one another.

* Intelligent interfaces and user modeling, information visualization, and adaptation of content to accommodate different display capabilities, modalities, bandwidth, and latency.

* Multi-agent systems that control and coordinate actions and solve complex problems in distributed environments in a wide variety of domains, such as disaster response teams, e-commerce, education, and successful aging.

* Models for effective computer-mediated human-human interaction under a variety of constraints, (e.g., video conferencing, collaboration across high vs. low bandwidth networks, etc.).