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* 2NFA to NFA: <math>\binom{2n}{n+1}</math>, see Kapoutsis.<ref name="Kapoutsis2005" />
** 2NFA to NFA accepting the complement: <math>O(4^n)</math> states, see [[Moshe Vardi|Vardi]].<ref name="Vardi1989">{{cite journal|last1=Vardi|first1=Moshe Y.|title=A note on the reduction of two-way automata to one-way automata|journal=Information Processing Letters|volume=30|issue=5|year=1989|pages=261–264|issn=0020-0190|doi=10.1016/0020-0190(89)90205-6|citeseerx=10.1.1.60.464}}</ref>
* AFA to DFA: <math>2^{2^n}</math> states, see [[Ashok K. Chandra|Chandra]], [[Dexter Kozen|Kozen]] and [[Larry Stockmeyer|Stockmeyer]].<ref name="ChandraKozen1981">{{cite journal|last1=Chandra|first1=Ashok K.|last2=Kozen|first2=Dexter C.|last3=Stockmeyer|first3=Larry J.|title=Alternation|journal=Journal of the ACM|volume=28|issue=1|year=1981|pages=114–133|issn=0004-5411|doi=10.1145/322234.322243|s2cid=238863413|doi-access=free}}</ref>
* AFA to NFA: <math>2^n</math> states, see Fellah, Jürgensen and Yu.<ref name="FellahJürgensen1990">{{cite journal|last1=Fellah|first1=A.|last2=Jürgensen|first2=H.|last3=Yu|first3=S.|title=Constructions for alternating finite automata∗|journal=International Journal of Computer Mathematics|volume=35|issue=1–4|year=1990|pages=117–132|issn=0020-7160|doi=10.1080/00207169008803893}}</ref>
* 2AFA to DFA: <math>2^{n2^n}</math>, see [[Richard E. Ladner|Ladner]], [[Richard J. Lipton|Lipton]] and [[Larry Stockmeyer|Stockmeyer]].<ref name="LadnerLipton1984">{{cite journal|last1=Ladner|first1=Richard E.|last2=Lipton|first2=Richard J.|last3=Stockmeyer|first3=Larry J.|title=Alternating Pushdown and Stack Automata|journal=SIAM Journal on Computing|volume=13|issue=1|year=1984|pages=135–155|issn=0097-5397|doi=10.1137/0213010}}</ref>
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| pages = 275–286
| doi = 10.1145/800133.804357
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who compared it to the [[P vs. NP]] problem
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* DFA: <math>n</math> states, by exchanging accepting and rejecting states.
* NFA: <math>2^n</math> states, see Birget.<ref name="Birget1993b">{{cite journal|last1=Birget|first1=Jean-Camille|title=Partial orders on words, minimal elements of regular languages, and state complexity|journal=Theoretical Computer Science|volume=119|issue=2|year=1993|pages=267–291|issn=0304-3975|doi=10.1016/0304-3975(93)90160-U}}</ref>
* UFA: at least <math>n^{\tilde{\Omega}(\log n)}</math> states, see Göös, Kiefer and Yuan,<ref name="GoosKieferYuan2022">{{cite arXiv |last1=Göös |first1=Mika |last2=Kiefer |first2=Stefan |last3=Yuan |first3=Weiqiang |title=Lower Bounds for Unambiguous Automata via Communication Complexity |date=12 February 2022 |class=cs.FL |eprint=2109.09155}}</ref> and at most <math>\sqrt{n+1} \cdot 2^{0.5n}</math> states, see Indzhev and Kiefer.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Indzhev |first1=Emil |last2=Kiefer |first2=Stefan |title=On complementing unambiguous automata and graphs with many cliques and cocliques |journal=Information Processing Letters |date=1 August 2022 |volume=177 |page=106270 |doi=10.1016/j.ipl.2022.106270 |s2cid=234741832 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020019022000278 |access-date=29 May 2022 |ref=IndzhevKiefer22 |language=en |issn=0020-0190|doi-access=free }}</ref>
* SVFA: <math>n</math> states, by exchanging accepting and rejecting states.
* 2DFA: at least <math>n</math> and at most <math>4n</math> states, see Geffert, Mereghetti and Pighizzini.<ref name="GeffertMereghetti2007">{{cite journal|last1=Geffert|first1=Viliam|last2=Mereghetti|first2=Carlo|last3=Pighizzini|first3=Giovanni|title=Complementing two-way finite automata|journal=Information and Computation|volume=205|issue=8|year=2007|pages=1173–1187|issn=0890-5401|doi=10.1016/j.ic.2007.01.008|doi-access=free}}</ref>
===Concatenation===
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* NFA to 2DFA: at most <math>O(n^2)</math> states, see Chrobak.<ref name="Chrobak1986" />
* 2NFA to 2DFA: at most <math>n^{O(\log n)}</math> states, proved by implementing the method of [[Savitch's theorem]], see Geffert, Mereghetti and Pighizzini.<ref name="GeffertMereghetti2003" />
* UFA to DFA: <math>e^{\Theta(\sqrt[3]{n (\ln n)^2})}</math>, see Okhotin.<ref name="Okhotin2012">{{cite journal|last1=Okhotin|first1=Alexander|title=Unambiguous finite automata over a unary alphabet|journal=Information and Computation|volume=212|year=2012|pages=15–36|issn=0890-5401|doi=10.1016/j.ic.2012.01.003|doi-access=free}}</ref>
* NFA to UFA: <math>g(n)+O(n^2)</math>, see Okhotin.<ref name="Okhotin2012" />
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