Common Language Infrastructure: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 18:44, 1 November 2023

Revision as of 06:31, 12 December 2023

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| license = [[Reasonable and non-discriminatory licensing|RAND]]

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The '''Common Language Infrastructure''' ('''CLI''') is an open [[specification]] and [[technical standard]] originally developed by [[Microsoft]] and standardized by [[International Organization for Standardization|ISO]]/[[International Electrotechnical Commission|IEC]] ('''ISO/IEC 23271''') and [[Ecma International]] ('''ECMA 335''')<ref name="iso_iec_23271_2012">{{cite web| url = http://www.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_ics/catalogue_detail_ics.htm?csnumber=58046| title = ISO/IEC 23271:2012 - Information technology -- Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) |website=ISO |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702003946/https://www.iso.org/standard/58046.html |archive-date= Jul 2, 2023 }}</ref><ref name="ecma_355_2012">{{cite web| url = https://www.ecma-international.org/publications-and-standards/standards/ecma-335/| title = Standard ECMA-335 - |issue=6th edition (|date=June 2012) |website=ECMA International |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231016101943/https://www.ecma-international.org/publications-and-standards/standards/ecma-335/ |archive-date= Oct 16, 2023 }}</ref> that describes executable code and a runtime environment that allows [[List of CLI languages|multiple high-level languages]] to be used on different [[Computing platform|computer platforms]] without being rewritten for specific architectures. This implies it is platform agnostic. The [[.NET Framework]], [[.NET]] and [[Mono (software)|Mono]] are implementations of the CLI.

The [[metadata]] format is also used to specify the [[API]] definitions exposed by the [[Windows Runtime]].<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.microsoftpressstore.com/articles/article.aspx?p=2199428&seqNum=3| title = Introduction to Advanced Windows Store App Development using HTML5 and JavaScript {{!}} |website=Microsoft Press Store |date=Oct 15, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330075408/https://www.microsoftpressstore.com/articles/article.aspx?p=2199428&seqNum=3 |archive-date= Mar 30, 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://tirania.org/blog/archive/2011/Sep-15.html| title = WinRT demystified - |first1=Miguel |last1=de Icaza |date=15 Sep 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130221232/https://tirania.org/blog/archive/2011/Sep-15.html |archive-date= Nov 30, 2023 }}</ref>

==Overview==

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As of July 2009,<ref>{{Cite web

|url=http://port25.technet.com/archive/2009/07/06/the-ecma-c-and-cli-standards.aspx

|title=The Ecma C# and CLI Standards - Port 25: The Open Source Community at Microsoft

|website=Port 25

|first1=Peter |last1=Galli

|date=2009-07-06

|access-date=September 26, 2009

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|archive-date=July 9, 2009

|url-status=dead

}}</ref> [[Microsoft]] added [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]] and CLI to the list of specifications that the [[Microsoft Community Promise]] applies to,<ref>{{Cite web |last=v-alje |title=[MS-DEVCENTLP]: Microsoft Community Promise |url=https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/openspecs/dev_center/ms-devcentlp/8b8d1b7a-a10a-4667-9558-6d9c43adf60d |access-date=2023-05-01 |website=learn.microsoft.comMicrosoft Learn |date=March 16, 2023 |language=en-us}}</ref> so anyone can safely implement specified editions of the standards without fearing a patent lawsuit from Microsoft. To implement the CLI standard requires conformance to one of the supported and defined profiles of the standard, the minimum of which is the kernel profile. The kernel profile is actually a very small set of types to support in comparison to the well known core library of default .NET installations. However, the conformance clause of the CLI allows for extending the supported profile by adding new methods and types to classes, as well as deriving from new namespaces. But it does not allow for adding new members to interfaces. This means that the features of the CLI can be used and extended, as long as the conforming profile implementation does not change the behavior of a program intended to run on that profile, while allowing for unspecified behavior from programs written specifically for that implementation.

In 2012, Ecma and ISO/IEC published the new edition of the CLI standard.<ref name="iso_iec_23271_2012"/><ref name="ecma_355_2012"/>