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For larger organizations and businesses, Web development teams can consist of hundreds of people ([[Web developer]]s) and follow standard methods like [[Agile software development|Agile methodologies]] while developing Web sites.<ref name=":0" /> Smaller organizations may only require a single permanent or contracting developer, or secondary assignment to related job positions such as a [[graphic designer]] or [[information systems]] technician. Web development may be a collaborative effort between departments rather than the ___domain of a designated department. There are three kinds of Web developer specialization: [[Front-end Web development|front-end developer]], back-end developer, and full-stack developer.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Northwood |first=Chris |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vvd6DwAAQBAJ&q=%22full+stack+Web+development%22+-wikipedia |title=The Full Stack Developer: Your Essential Guide to the Everyday Skills Expected of a Modern Full Stack Web Developer |date=2018-11-19 |publisher=Apress |isbn=978-1-4842-4152-3 |language=en}}</ref> Front-end developers are responsible for behavior and visuals that run in the user browser, while back-end developers deal with the servers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Discover The Difference Between Front-End Vs. Back-End Developer – Forbes Advisor |url=https://www.forbes.com/advisor/education/front-end-vs-back-end-developer |date=May 30, 2023 |website=forbes.com |language=en}}</ref> Since the commercialization of the Web, the industry has boomed and has become one of the most used technologies ever.
== Evolution of the World Wide Web and
==== 1. Origin/ Web 1.0 ====
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The primary goals of the fourth generation of the web include enhancing usability and engagement by refining web pages, making them easier to navigate, and incorporating features for user interaction. Web 4.0 aims to increase everyone's access to the Internet, including those with disabilities who can use assistive technologies for easier access to web content.<ref name=":1" />
=== Evolution of
The journey of web development technologies began with simple [[HTML]] pages in the early days of the internet. Over time, advancements led to the incorporation of [[CSS]] for styling and [[JavaScript]] for interactivity. This evolution transformed static websites into dynamic and responsive platforms, setting the stage for the complex and feature-rich web applications we have today.
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Web development in future will be driven by advances in browser technology, Web internet infrastructure, protocol standards, software engineering methods, and application trends.<ref name=":1" />
== Web
The Web Development Life Cycle is a method that outlines the stages involved in building websites and web applications. It provides a structured approach, ensuring optimal results throughout the development process.
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Following this analysis, a more refined set of objectives is documented. Objectives that cannot be presently fulfilled are recorded in a Wish List, constituting part of the Objectives Document. This documentation becomes integral to the iterative process during the subsequent cycle of the methodology.<ref name=":2" />
=== 2. Planning-
It is crucial for [[web developer]]s to be engaged in formulating a plan and determining the optimal architecture and selecting the [[Software framework|frameworks]].{{cn}} Additionally, developers/consultants play a role in elucidating the total cost of ownership associated with supporting a website, which may surpass the initial development expenses.
Key aspects in this step are-
* [[Sitemaps|Sitemap]]
* [[Website wireframe|Wireframe]]
* [[Solution stack|Tech
=== 3. Design and
Following the analysis phase, the development process moves on to the [[Web design|design]] phase, which is guided by the
The following step,
Key aspects in this step are-
* [[Page layout|Page
* Review
* Approval
=== 4. Content
No matter how visually appealing your website is, good communication with your clients is critical. The primary purpose of content production is to create a communication channel through the [[user interface]] by delivering relevant information about your firm in an engaging and easily understandable manner. This includes:
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The coding process includes creating all of the site's software and installing it on the appropriate [[Web server|Web servers.]] This can range from simple things like posting to a Web server to more complex tasks like establishing [[database]] connections.
=== 6. Testing,
In any web project, the testing phase is incredibly intricate and difficult. Because [[Web application|web apps]] are frequently designed for a diverse and often unknown user base running in a range of technological environments, their complexity exceeds that of [[Information system|traditional Information Systems]] (IS). To ensure maximum reach and efficacy, the website must be tested in a variety of contexts and technologies. The website moves to the delivery stage after gaining final approval from the designer. To ensure its preparation for launch, the quality assurance team performs rigorous testing for functionality, compatibility, and performance.
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* Check [[Web browser|Browser]]
=== 7. Maintenance and
The web development process goes beyond deployment to include a variety of post-deployment tasks.
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The goal of [[Front-end web development|front-end development]] is to create a website's [[user interface]] and visual components that users may interact with directly. On the other hand, [[Frontend and backend|back-end development]] works with databases, server-side logic, and application functionality. Building reliable and user-friendly online applications requires a comprehensive approach, which is ensured by collaboration between front-end and back-end engineers.
=== 1. Front-end
[[Front-end web development|Front-end development]] is the process of designing and implementing the user interface (UI) and [[user experience]] (UX) of a [[web application]]. It involves creating visually appealing and interactive elements that users interact with directly. The primary technologies and concepts associated with front-end development include:
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* '''JavaScript-''' It is used to add interactions to the web pages. Advancement in [[JavaScript]] has given rise to many popular front- end frameworks like React, Angular and Vue.js etc.
==== 1.2 User
[[User experience design]] focuses on creating interfaces that are intuitive, accessible, and enjoyable for users. It involves understanding user behavior, conducting usability studies, and implementing design principles to enhance the overall satisfaction of users interacting with a website or application. This involves [[Website wireframe|wireframing]], [[Software prototyping|prototyping]], and implementing design principles to enhance user interaction. Some of the popular tools used for UI Wireframing are -
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Another key aspect to keep in mind while designing is [[Web accessibility|Web Accessibility]]- Web accessibility ensures that digital content is available and usable for people of all abilities. This involves adhering to standards like the [[Web Content Accessibility Guidelines]] (WCAG), implementing features like alternative text for images, and designing with considerations for diverse user needs, including those with disabilities.
==== 1.3 Responsive
It is important to ensure that web applications are accessible and visually appealing across various devices and screen sizes. [[Responsive web design|Responsive design]] uses CSS media queries and flexible layouts to adapt to different viewing environments.
==== 1.4 Front-end
A [[Web framework|framework]] is a high-level solution for the reuse of software pieces, a step forward in simple library-based reuse that allows for sharing common functions and generic logic of a ___domain application.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Salas-Zárate |first=María del Pilar |last2=Alor-Hernández |first2=Giner |last3=Valencia-García |first3=Rafael |last4=Rodríguez-Mazahua |first4=Lisbeth |last5=Rodríguez-González |first5=Alejandro |last6=López Cuadrado |first6=José Luis |date=May 2015 |title=Analyzing best practices on Web development frameworks: The lift approach |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0167642314005735 |journal=Science of Computer Programming |language=en |volume=102 |pages=1–19 |doi=10.1016/j.scico.2014.12.004|doi-access=free }}</ref>
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* '''[[Vue.js]]:''' A progressive JavaScript framework that is approachable yet powerful, making it easy to integrate with other libraries or existing projects.
==== 1.5 State
Managing the state of a web application to ensure data consistency and responsiveness. State management libraries like [[Redux (JavaScript library)|Redux]] (for [[React (software)|React]]) or [[Vuex]] (for [[Vue.js]]) play a crucial role in complex applications.
=== 2. Back-end
[[Server-side|Back-end development]] involves building the server-side logic and [[database]] components of a [[web application]]. It is responsible for processing user requests, managing data, and ensuring the overall functionality of the application. Key aspects of back-end development include:
==== 2.1 Server/
An essential component of the architecture of a web application is a [[Server (computing)|server]] or [[Cloud computing|cloud instance]]. A [[Cloud computing|cloud instance]] is a virtual server instance that can be accessed via the [[Internet]] and is created, delivered, and hosted on a public or private cloud. It functions as a physical server that may seamlessly move between various devices with ease or set up several instances on one server. It is therefore very dynamic, scalable, and economical.
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The choice of a database depends on various factors such as the nature of the data, scalability requirements, performance considerations, and the specific use case of the application being developed. Each type of database has its strengths and weaknesses, and selecting the right one involves considering the specific needs of the project.
==== 2.3 Application
[[API|Application Programming Interfaces]] are sets of rules and protocols that allow different software applications to communicate with each other. APIs define the methods and data formats that applications can use to request and exchange information.
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* '''Operating System APIs:''' These APIs allow applications to interact with the underlying [[operating system]], accessing features like file systems, hardware, and system services.
==== 2.4 Server-side
[[Programming language]]s aimed at server execution, as opposed to client browser execution, are known as [[Server-side scripting|server-side languages]]. These programming languages are used in web development to perform operations including [[data processing]], database interaction, and the creation of [[Dynamic web page|dynamic content]] that is delivered to the client's browser. A key element of server-side programming is [[server-side scripting]], which allows the server to react to client requests in real time.
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# '''Perl:''' [[Perl]] is a versatile scripting language often used for web development. It is known for its powerful [[Text processing|text-processing]] capabilities.
==== 2.5 Security
Implementing security measures to protect against common vulnerabilities, including [[SQL injection]], [[cross-site scripting]] (XSS), and [[cross-site request forgery]] (CSRF). [[Authentication]] and [[authorization]] mechanisms are crucial for securing data and user access.
==== 2.6 Testing,
Thorough [[Web testing|testing]] and [[debugging]] processes are essential for identifying and resolving issues in a web application. Testing may include [[unit testing]], [[integration testing]], and [[Acceptance testing|user acceptance testing]]. Debugging involves pinpointing and fixing errors in the code, ensuring the reliability and stability of the application.
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* '''Continuous Integration and Deployment (CI/CD):''' [[CI/CD]] pipelines automate testing, [[Deployment environment|deployment]], and delivery processes, allowing for faster and more reliable releases.
=== 3. Full-stack
Full-stack development refers to the practice of designing, building, and maintaining the entire [[Solution stack|software stack]] of a web application. This includes both the [[Client-side|frontend]] (client-side) and [[Server-side|backend]] (server-side) components, as well as the [[database]] and any other necessary infrastructure. A full-stack developer is someone who has expertise in working with both the frontend and backend technologies, allowing them to handle all aspects of web application development.
* '''[[MEAN (solution stack)|MEAN]]''' (MongoDB, Express.js, Angular, Node.js) and '''[[MEAN (solution stack)|MERN]]''' (MongoDB, Express.js, React, Node.js) are popular full-stack development stacks that streamline the development process by providing a cohesive set of technologies.
=== 4. Web
Efficient web development relies on a set of tools and environments that streamline the coding and collaboration processes:
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== AGILE Methodology in Web Development ==
=== 1. Agile manifesto and
[[Agile software development|Agile]] is a set of principles and values for software development that prioritize flexibility, collaboration, and customer satisfaction. The four key values are:
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* Responding to change over following a plan.
=== 2. Agile
# '''Iterative and Incremental Development:''' Building and refining a web application through small, repeatable cycles, enhancing features incrementally with each iteration.
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