Distributed generation: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 23:42, 28 November 2023

Revision as of 02:42, 13 December 2023

Line 192:

Another approach does not demand grid integration: stand alone hybrid systems.

== Mitigating Voltagevoltage and Frequencyfrequency Issuesissues of DG integration ==

There have been some efforts to mitigate voltage and frequency issues due to increased implementation of DG. Most notably, IEEE 1547 sets the standard for interconnection and interoperability of distributed energy resources. IEEE 1547 sets specific curves signaling when to clear a fault as a function of the time after the disturbance and the magnitude of the voltage irregularity or frequency irregularity.<ref>{{cite report |title=Performance of Distributed Energy and Resources During and After System Disturbance on|date=December 2013}}</ref> Voltage issues also give legacy equipment the opportunity to perform new operations. Notably, inverters can regulate the voltage output of DGs. Changing inverter impedances can change voltage fluctuations of DG, meaning inverters have the ability to control DG voltage output.<ref>{{cite report |title=Advanced Control Technologies for Distribution Grid Voltage and Stability With Electric Vehicles and Distributed Generation on|date=March 2015|pages = 48–50 }}</ref> To reduce the effect of DG integration on mechanical grid equipment, transformers and load tap changers have the potential to implement specific tap operation vs. voltage operation curves mitigating the effect of voltage irregularities due to DG. That is, load tap changers respond to voltage fluctuations that last for a longer period than voltage fluctuations created from DG equipment.<ref>{{cite report |title=Optimal OLTC Voltage Control Scheme High Solar Penetrations on|date = April 2018|pages = 7–9 }}</ref>