A common aspect of recovery is said to be the presence of others who believe in the person's potential to recover<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Francis East|first1=Jean|last2=Roll|first2=Susan J.|date=2015|title=Women, Poverty, and Trauma: An Empowerment Practice Approach: Figure 1|journal=Social Work|language=en|volume=60|issue=4|pages=279–286|doi=10.1093/sw/swv030|pmid=26489348|issn=0037-8046}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last1=Hopper|first1=Elizabeth K.|last2=Bassuk|first2=Ellen L.|last3=Olivet|first3=Jeffrey|date=2010-04-07|title=Shelter from the Storm: Trauma-Informed Care in Homelessness Services Settings~!2009-08-20~!2009-09-28~!2010-03-22~!|journal=The Open Health Services and Policy Journal|volume=3|issue=2|pages=80–100|doi= 10.2174/1874924001003020080 |doi-access=free|s2cid=10319681|issn=1874-9240|url=https://semanticscholar.org/paper/9856565454f69384bdfe1906efa04a5ece89f867}}</ref> and who stand by them. According to Relational Cultural Theory as developed by Jean Baker Miller, recovery requires mutuality and empathy in relationships.<ref name=":0" /> The theory states this requires relationships that embody respect, authenticity, and emotional availability.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Reeves|first=Elizabeth|date=2015-09-02|title=A Synthesis of the Literature on Trauma-Informed Care|journal=Issues in Mental Health Nursing|volume=36|issue=9|pages=698–709|doi=10.3109/01612840.2015.1025319|issn=0161-2840|pmid=26440873|s2cid=36312879}}</ref> Supportive relationships can also be made safer through predictability and avoiding shaming and violence.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last1=Elliott|first1=Denise E.|last2=Bjelajac|first2=Paula|last3=Fallot|first3=Roger D.|last4=Markoff|first4=Laurie S.|last5=Reed|first5=Beth Glover|date=2005|title=Trauma-informed or trauma-denied: Principles and implementation of trauma-informed services for women|journal=Journal of Community Psychology|language=en|volume=33|issue=4|pages=461–477|doi=10.1002/jcop.20063|s2cid=145560079 |issn=0090-4392}}</ref> While [[mental health professional]]s can offer a particular limited kind of relationship and help foster hope, relationships with [[friendship|friends]], [[family]] and the [[community]] are said to often be of wider and longer-term importance.<ref name="Friendships">Hack Thyself (2012) [http://hackthyself.net Recovery Is Impossible Without Friends] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161004024621/http://hackthyself.net/ |date=2016-10-04 }}</ref> Case managers can play the role of connecting recovering persons to services that the recovering person may have limited access to, such as food stamps and medical care.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last1=Heslin|first1=Kevin C.|last2=Andersen|first2=Ronald M.|last3=Gelberg|first3=Lillian|date=2003-01-01|title=Case Management And Access To Services For Homeless Women|journal=Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved|volume=14|issue=1|pages=34–51|doi=10.1177/1049208902238822|pmid=12613067|issn=1049-2089}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Services to domestic minor victims of sex trafficking: Opportunities for engagement and support|pages=1–7|journal=Children and Youth Services Review|volume=54|doi=10.1016/j.childyouth.2015.04.003|date=July 2015|last1=Gibbs|first1=Deborah A.|last2=Hardison Walters|first2=Jennifer L.|last3=Lutnick|first3=Alexandra|last4=Miller|first4=Shari|last5=Kluckman|first5=Marianne}}</ref> Others who have experienced similar difficulties and are on a journey of recovery can also play a role in establishing community and combating a recovering person's feelings of isolation.<ref name=":0" /> An example of a recovery approach that fosters a sense of community to combat feelings of isolation is the [[safe house]] or [[transitional housing]] model of rehabilitation. This approach supports victims of trauma through a community-centered, transitional housing method that provides social services, healthcare, and psychological support to navigate through and past experiences. Safe houses aim to support survivors on account of their individual needs and can effectively rehabilitate those recovering from issues such as sexual violence and drug addiction without criminalization.<ref name="NYU Press">{{Cite book |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv12fw97b |title=The Politicization of Safety: Critical Perspectives on Domestic Violence Responses |date=2019 |publisher=NYU Press |isbn=978-1-4798-0564-8 |volume=10|jstor=j.ctv12fw97b }}</ref> Additionally, safe houses provide a comfortable space where survivors can be listened to and uplifted through compassion.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Harrington |first=Carol |date=November 2019 |title=Neo-liberal Subjectivity, Self-branding and 'My Rape Story' YouTube Videos |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0896920518778107 |journal=Critical Sociology |language=en |volume=45 |issue=7–8 |pages=1181–1194 |doi=10.1177/0896920518778107 |s2cid=149930006 |issn=0896-9205}}</ref> In practice, this can be accomplished through one on one interviews with other recovering persons,<ref name=":0" /> engaging in communal story circles,<ref name=":0" /> or peer-led support groups.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|last1=Huntington|first1=Nicholas|last2=Moses|first2=Dawn Jahn|last3=Veysey|first3=Bonita M.|date=2005|title=Developing and implementing a comprehensive approach to serving women with co-occurring disorders and histories of trauma|journal=Journal of Community Psychology|language=en|volume=33|issue=4|pages=395–410|doi=10.1002/jcop.20059|issn=0090-4392}}</ref> Those who share the same values and outlooks more generally (not just in the area of mental health) may also be particularly important. It is said that one-way relationships based on being helped can actually be devaluing and potentially re-traumatizing,<ref name=":3" /> and that [[reciprocity (social psychology)|reciprocal]] relationships and mutual support networks can be of more value to [[self-esteem]] and recovery.<ref name="InclusionRecovery"/><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" />
===Hope===
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===Empowerment and building a secure base===
Building a positive culture of healing is essential in the recovery approach. Since recovering is a long process, a strong supportive network can be helpful.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Jacobson | first1=Nora | last2=Greenley | first2=Dianne | title=What Is Recovery? A Conceptual Model and Explication | journal= Psychiatric Services| volume=52 | issue=4 | year=2001 | issn=1075-2730 | doi=10.1176/appi.ps.52.4.482 | pmid=11274493 | pages=482–485| s2cid=2624547 | url=https://semanticscholar.org/paper/b156e41fe73597f39b5a7ee574994d5de6169625 }}</ref> Appropriate [[house|housing]], a sufficient [[income]], freedom from [[violence]], and adequate access to [[health care]] have also been proposed<ref name="OntarioRecovery"/> as important tools to empowering someone and increasing her/his self-sufficiency.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite journal|last1=Gibbs|first1=Deborah A.|last2=Hardison Walters|first2=Jennifer L.|last3=Lutnick|first3=Alexandra|last4=Miller|first4=Shari|last5=Kluckman|first5=Marianne|date=2015|title=Services to domestic minor victims of sex trafficking: Opportunities for engagement and support|journal=Children and Youth Services Review|language=en|volume=54|pages=1–7|doi=10.1016/j.childyouth.2015.04.003}}</ref> [[Empowerment]] and [[self-determination]] are said to be important to recovery for reducing the social and psychological effects of stress and trauma. Women's Empowerment Theory suggests that recovery from mental illness, substance abuse, and trauma requires helping survivors understand their rights so they can increase their capacity to make autonomous choices.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":6" /> This can mean develop the [[confidence]] for independent [[assertive]] [[decision making]] and help-seeking which translates into proper medication and active [[self care]] practices. Achieving social inclusion and overcoming challenging [[social stigma]] and [[prejudice]] about mental [[mental distress|distress]]/[[mental disorder|disorder]]/[[neurodiversity|difference]] is also an important part of empowerment. Advocates of Women's Empowerment Theory argue it is important to recognize that a recovering person's view of self is perpetuated by stereotypes and combating those narratives.<ref name=":0" /> Empowerment according to this logic requires reframing a survivor's view of self and the world.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> In practice, empowerment and building a secure base require mutually supportive relationships between survivors and service providers, identifying a survivor's existing strengths, and an awareness of the survivor's trauma and cultural context.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":5" />
