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===Location analysis===
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This class of problems aims to find the optimal ___location for one or more facilities along the network, with ''optimal'' defined as minimizing the aggregate or mean travel cost to (or from) another set of points in the network. A common example is determining the ___location of a warehouse to minimize shipping costs to a set of retail outlets, or the ___location of a retail outlet to minimize the travel time from the residences of its potential customers. In unconstrained (cartesian coordinate) space, this is an NP-hard problem requiring heuristic solutions such as [[Lloyd's algorithm]], but in a network space it can be solved deterministically.<ref>{{cite book |last1=deSmith |first1=Michael J. |last2=Goodchild |first2=Michael F. |last3=Longley |first3=Paul A. |title=Geospatial Analysis: A Comprehensive Guide to Principles, Techniques, and Software Tools |date=2021 |edition=6th revised |chapter=7.4.2 Larger p-median and p-center problems | chapter-url=https://www.spatialanalysisonline.com/HTML/index.html?larger_p-median_and_p-center_p.htm}}</ref>
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