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[[File:Adam naming the animals. Etching. Wellcome V0034186.jpg|thumb|Adam naming the animals as described in [[Book of Genesis|Genesis]]. In some interpretations, he uses the
The '''Adamic language,''' according to [[Jews|Jewish]] tradition (as recorded in the ''[[midrash]]im'') and some [[Christians]], is the language spoken by [[Adam]] (and possibly [[Eve]]) in the [[Garden of Eden]]. It is variously interpreted as either the language used by [[God]] to address Adam (the [[divine language]]), or the language invented by Adam with which he named all things (including Eve), as in the [[Genesis creation narrative|second Genesis creation narrative]] ({{bibleref|Genesis|2:19|KJV}}).
In the [[Middle Ages]], various Jewish commentators held that Adam spoke [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]], a view also addressed in various ways by the late medieval Italian poet [[Dante Alighieri]]. In the [[early modern period]], some authors continued to discuss the possibility of an Adamic language, some continuing to hold to the idea that it was Hebrew, while others such as [[John Locke]] were more skeptical. More recently, a variety of [[Mormon]] authors have expressed various opinions about the nature of the Adamic language.
According to [[Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church|Ethiopian]] and [[Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church|Eritrean]] traditions, the ancient [[Semitic languages|Semitic language]] of [[
==Patristic Period==
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[[Dante Alighieri]] addresses the topic in his ''[[De vulgari eloquentia]]'' (1302–1305). He argues that the Adamic language is of divine origin and therefore unchangeable.<ref>Mazzocco, p. 159</ref> He also notes that according to Genesis, the first speech act is due to Eve, addressing [[Serpents in the Bible|the serpent]], and not to Adam.<ref>''mulierem invenitur ante omnes fuisse locutam''. Umberto Eco, ''The Search for the Perfect Language'' (1993), p. 50.</ref>
In his ''[[Divine Comedy]]'' (c. 1308–1320), however, Dante changes his view to another that treats the Adamic language as the product of Adam.<ref>Mazzocco, p. 170</ref> This had the consequence that it could no longer be regarded as immutable, and hence Hebrew could not be regarded as identical with the language of Paradise. Dante concludes (''Paradiso'' XXVI) that Hebrew is a derivative of the language of Adam. In particular, the chief Hebrew name for God in scholastic tradition, ''[[El (god)|El]]'', must be derived of a different Adamic name for God, which Dante gives as ''[[Close front unrounded vowel|I]]''.<ref>Pria
''I''
onde vien la letizia che mi fascia<br>
<br>
Before I was sent down to
on earth, the Highest Good—from which derives<br>
the joy that now enfolds me—was called ''I''.<br>
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== Early modern period ==
=== Proponents ===
{{more citations needed section|date=January 2018}}
Elizabethan scholar [[John Dee]] makes references to an [[occult]] or angelic language recorded in his private journals and those of [[spirit medium]] [[Edward Kelley]]. Dee's journals did not describe the language as "[[Enochian]]", instead preferring "Angelical", the "Celestial Speech", the "Language of Angels", the "First Language of God-Christ", the "Holy Language", or "Adamical" because, according to Dee's Angels, it was used by Adam in Paradise to name all things. The language was later dubbed Enochian, due to Dee's assertion that the [[Biblical Patriarch]] [[Enoch (ancestor of Noah)|Enoch]] had been the last human (before Dee and Kelley) to know the language.
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===Goidelic languages===
{{see also|Goidelic languages}}
It has also been claimed that [[Scottish Gaelic]] or [[Irish language|Irish]] was the language spoken in the Garden of Eden. One book that promoted this theory was ''Adhamh agus Eubh, no Craobh Sheanachais nan Gàël'' (1837; "Adam and Eve; or, the Gaelic Family Tree").<ref>{{cite news |last1=McEwan |first1=Emily |title=Gaelic design for the 21st century: A laptop decal |url=https://gaelic.co/gaelic-laptop-decal/ |access-date=9 February 2019 |work=Gaelic.co |date=27 February 2015 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Wolf |first1=Nicholas |title=When Irish was still the greatest little language in the world |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/when-irish-was-still-the-greatest-little-language-in-the-world-1.2082623 |access-date=9 February 2019 |newspaper=The Irish Times |language=en}}</ref>
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