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Line 143: Footprints in the [[Yangtze Gorges]] area of South China, dating back [[Ediacaran\|546 million years]], are reported to be the earliest known record of an animal with legs.<ref>{{Cite news \|title=Oldest 'footprints' found in China \|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-44404246 \|date=7 June 2018 \|journal=BBC News \|access-date=8 June 2018 }}</ref> The spacecraft [[Dawn (spacecraft)\|''Dawn'']] assumes a final (and much closer) orbit around the [[dwarf planet]] [[Ceres (dwarf planet)\|Ceres]]: as close as {{convert\|35\|km\|mi\|abbr=on}} and as far away as {{convert\|4000\|km\|mi\|abbr=on}} (see [[Commons:Category:Dawn Ceres XMO7 phase\|images]]).<ref name="NASA-20180613mr">{{cite web \|last=Rayman \|first=Marc \|title=Dawn – Mission Status \|url=https://dawn.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/status_2018.html \|date=13 June 2018 \|website=[[NASA]] \|access-date=16 June 2018 }}</ref><ref name="SFN-20180615">{{cite web \|last=Clark \|first=Stephen \|title=Dawn spacecraft flying low over Ceres \|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2018/06/15/dawn-spacecraft-flying-low-over-ceres/ \|date=15 June 2018 \|website=SpaceFlightNow.com \|access-date=16 June 2018 }}</ref> * 7 June – NASA announces that the [[Curiosity (rover)\|''Curiosity'' rover]] has detected a cyclical seasonal variation in [[Atmosphere of Mars\|atmospheric]] [[methane]] (see [[:File:PIA22328-MarsCuriosityRover-Methane-SeasonalCycle-20180607.jpg\|image]]) on the planet [[Mars]], as well as the presence of [[kerogen]] and other complex [[organic compound]]s.<ref name="NASA-20180607">{{cite web \|last1=Brown \|first1=Dwayne \|last2=Wendel \|first2=JoAnna \|last3=Steigerwald \|first3=Bill \|last4=Jones \|first4=Nancy \|last5=Good \|first5=Andrew \|title=Release 18-050 – NASA Finds Ancient Organic Material, Mysterious Methane on Mars \|url=https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-finds-ancient-organic-material-mysterious-methane-on-mars \|date=7 June 2018 \|website=[[NASA]] \|access-date=7 June 2018 }}</ref><ref name="NASA-20180607vid">{{cite web \|author=NASA \|title=Ancient Organics Discovered on Mars – video (03:17) \|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a0gsz8EHiNc \|date=7 June 2018 \|website=[[NASA]] \|access-date=7 June 2018 }}</ref><ref name="SPC-20180607">{{cite web \|last=Wall \|first=Mike \|title=Curiosity Rover Finds Ancient 'Building Blocks for Life' on Mars \|url=https://www.space.com/40819-mars-methane-organics-curiosity-rover.html \|date=7 June 2018 \|website=[[Space.com]] \|access-date=7 June 2018 }}</ref><ref name="NYT-20180607">{{cite news \|last=Chang \|first=Kenneth \|title=Life on Mars? Rover's Latest Discovery Puts It 'On the Table' - The identification of organic molecules in rocks on the red planet does not necessarily point to life there, past or present, but does indicate that some of the building blocks were present. \|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/07/science/mars-nasa-life.html \|date=7 June 2018 \|work=[[The New York Times]] \|access-date=8 June 2018 }}</ref><ref name="SCI-20180607">{{cite journal \|last=Voosen \|first=Paul \|title=NASA rover hits organic pay dirt on Mars \|url=https://www.science.org/content/article/nasa-rover-hits-organic-pay-dirt-mars \|date=7 June 2018 \|journal=[[Science (journal)\|Science]] \| doi = 10.1126/science.aau3992 \|s2cid=115442477 \|access-date=7 June 2018 }}</ref><ref name="SCI-20180608a">{{cite journal \|last=ten Kate \|first=Inge Loes \|title=Organic molecules on Mars \|date=8 June 2018 \|journal=[[Science (journal)\|Science]] \|volume=360 \|issue=6393 \|pages=1068–1069 \|doi=10.1126/science.aat2662\|pmid=29880670 \|bibcode=2018Sci...360.1068T \|s2cid=46952468 }}</ref><ref name="SCI-20180608b">{{cite journal \|author=Webster, Christopher R. \|display-authors=etal \|title=Background levels of methane in Mars' atmosphere show strong seasonal variations \|date=8 June 2018 \|journal=[[Science (journal)\|Science]] \|volume=360 \|issue=6393 \|pages=1093–1096 \|doi=10.1126/science.aaq0131\|pmid=29880682 \|bibcode=2018Sci...360.1093W \|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="SCI-20180608c">{{cite journal \|author=Eigenbrode, Jennifer L. \|display-authors=etal \|author-link1=Jennifer Eigenbrode\|title=Organic matter preserved in 3-billion-year-old mudstones at Gale crater, Mars \|date=8 June 2018 \|journal=[[Science (journal)\|Science]] \|volume=360 \|issue=6393 \|pages=1096–1101 \|doi= 10.1126/science.aas9185\|pmid=29880683 \|bibcode=2018Sci...360.1096E \|doi-access=free \|hdl=10044/1/60810 \|hdl-access=free }}</ref> * 8 June – The U.S. Department of Energy's [[Oak Ridge National Laboratory]] unveils [[Summit (supercomputer)\|Summit]] as the world's most powerful [[supercomputer]], with a peak performance of 200,000 trillion calculations per second, or 200 [[petaflops]].<ref>{{cite web \|title=ORNL Launches Summit Supercomputer \|url=https://www.ornl.gov/news/ornl-launches-summit-supercomputer \|date=8 June 2018 \|website=Oak Ridge National Laboratory \|access-date=9 June 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|title=Summit Up and Running at Oak Ridge, Claims First Exascale Application \|url=https://www.top500.org/news/summit-up-and-running-at-oak-ridge-claims-first-exascale-application/ \|date=9 June 2018 \|website=Top500 \|access-date=9 June 2018 }}</ref> * 11 June – [[KATRIN]], an experiment designed to measure the absolute mass of [[neutrino]]s, starts data-taking.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.kit.edu/kit/english/pi_2018_069_neutrinos-weighed-by-the-world-s-most-precise-scale.php\|title=The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino Experiment KATRIN Starts – Official Inauguration Colloquium on June 11 – Germany's Federal Minister of Research: "an experiment of superlatives"\|date=11 June 2018\|access-date=13 June 2018}}</ref> Line 365: Researchers create a new algorithm, based on [[deep learning]], that is able to solve text-based [[CAPTCHA]] tests in less than 0.05 seconds.<ref>{{cite news \|title=New attack could make website security captchas obsolete \|url=https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-12/lu-nac120418.php \|date=5 December 2018 \|work=EurekAlert! \|access-date=5 December 2018 }}</ref> Scientists in the United Kingdom announce completion of the [[100,000 Genomes Project]].<ref>{{cite news\|author-link=Fergus Walsh\|first=Fergus\|last=Walsh\|title=Faster diagnosis from 'transformational' gene project\|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-46456984\|newspaper=BBC News\|date=2018-12-05\|access-date=2018-12-05}}</ref> ** Research published by the [[Global Carbon Project]] shows record high [[Greenhouse gas\|carbon emissions]] of 37.1 billion metric tons in 2018, driven by a booming market for cars and ongoing coal use in China.<ref>{{cite news\|title=Cars and coal help drive 'strong' CO<sub>2</sub> rise in 2018\|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-46447459\|newspaper=BBC News\|date=2018-12-05\|access-date=2018-12-05\|last1=McGrath\|first1=Matt}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|title=Climate reality check: Global carbon pollution up in 2018\|url=https://www.apnews.com/17fa2a7bf70b4bec844d836c795d5a57\|work=AP\|date=2018-12-05\|access-date=2018-12-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal\|title=Global Carbon Budget 2018\|journal=Earth System Science Data\|volume=10\|issue=4\|pages=2141–2194\|date=2018-12-05\|doi=10.5194/essd-10-2141-2018\|last1=Le Quéré\|first1=Corinne\|last2=Andrew\|first2=Robbie M.\|last3=Friedlingstein\|first3=Pierre\|last4=Sitch\|first4=Stephen\|last5=Hauck\|first5=Judith\|last6=Pongratz\|first6=Julia\|last7=Pickers\|first7=Penelope A.\|last8=Korsbakken\|first8=Jan Ivar\|last9=Peters\|first9=Glen P.\|last10=Canadell\|first10=Josep G.\|last11=Arneth\|first11=Almut\|last12=Arora\|first12=Vivek K.\|last13=Barbero\|first13=Leticia\|last14=Bastos\|first14=Ana\|last15=Bopp\|first15=Laurent\|last16=Chevallier\|first16=Frédéric\|last17=Chini\|first17=Louise P.\|last18=Ciais\|first18=Philippe\|last19=Doney\|first19=Scott C.\|last20=Gkritzalis\|first20=Thanos\|last21=Goll\|first21=Daniel S.\|last22=Harris\|first22=Ian\|last23=Haverd\|first23=Vanessa\|last24=Hoffman\|first24=Forrest M.\|last25=Hoppema\|first25=Mario\|last26=Houghton\|first26=Richard A.\|last27=Hurtt\|first27=George\|last28=Ilyina\|first28=Tatiana\|last29=Jain\|first29=Atul K.\|last30=Johannessen\|first30=Truls\|display-authors=29\|bibcode=2018ESSD...10.2141L\|doi-access=free\|hdl=21.11116/0000-0002-518C-5\|hdl-access=free}}</ref> 8 December – China launches [[Chang'e 4]], the first mission to land a robotic craft on the far side of the Moon.<ref>{{cite news\|title=Chang'e-4: China mission launches to far side of Moon\|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-46471668\|newspaper=BBC News\|date=2018-12-07\|access-date=2018-12-07\|last1=Rincon\|first1=Paul}}</ref> 10 December

2018 in science: Difference between revisions