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The '''Oenpelli python''' or '''Oenpelli rock python''' ('''''Simalia oenpelliensis''''' or '''''Nyctophilopython oenpelliensis''''') is a [[species]] of large [[snake]] in the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Pythonidae]]. The species is [[Endemism|endemic]] to the [[sandstone]] [[massif]] area of the western [[Arnhem Land]] region in the [[Northern Territory]] of [[Australia]].<ref name=IUCN/><ref name="NT threatened"/> There are no [[subspecies]] that are recognised as being valid.<ref name=RDB/> It has been called the rarest python in the world.<ref>{{cite video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yabmq1pTpn8 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211213/yabmq1pTpn8 |archive-date=2021-12-13 |url-status=live|title=Rarest Python in the World|date=18 December 2013|publisher=SnakeBytesTV|access-date=2016-02-04}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=otbw8pSC114 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211213/otbw8pSC114 |archive-date=2021-12-13 |url-status=live|title=Breeding plan aims to save snakes|date=29 March 2012|publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)]]|access-date=2016-02-04}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref name=SydneySmith/> Two notable characteristics of the species are the unusually large size of its eggs and its ability to change colour.<ref name=JCM/>
==Taxonomy and etymology==
The Oenpelli python was assigned to a taxonomy in 1977 by [[Graeme Gow's Reptile World|Graeme Gow]], who placed it in the genus ''[[Python (genus)|Python]]''.<ref name=Gow>Gow, G. F. (1977). "A New Species of ''Python'' from Arnhem Land". ''Australian Zoologist'' '''19''': 133-139. (''Python oenpelliensis'', new species)</ref> It was then categorised by [[Harold Cogger|Cogger]] and Cameron as a species of ''Morelia''.<ref name="Cogger" /> In 1984, [[Wells and Wellington affair|Wells and Wellington]] placed it into a new genus ''Nyctophilopython'' and in 2014, a work by Reynolds, Niemiller, and Revell proposed to classify it as ''[[Simalia]]''.<ref name=Reynolds>{{cite journal|url=http://faculty.umb.edu/liam.revell/pdfs/Reynolds_etal_2014.MPE.pdf|first1=R. G.|last1=Reynolds|first2=M. L.|last2=Niemiller|first3=L. J.|last3=Revell|year=2014|title=Toward a Tree-of-Life for the boas and pythons: Multilocus species-level phylogeny with unprecedented taxon sampling|journal=[[Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution]]|volume=71|pages=201–213|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2013.11.011|pmid=24315866}}</ref>
The [[Specific name (zoology)|specific name]], ''oenpelliensis'', is derived from the [[Type locality (biology)|type locality]], which is given as "6.5 km S.W. of [[Gunbalanya, Northern Territory|Oenpelli, Northern Territory]], Australia (12°21'S, 133°01'E)".<ref name="McD99"/><ref>Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). ''The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. {{ISBN|978-1-4214-0135-5}}. (''Morelia oenpelliensis'', p. 193).</ref> In 2020, the name ''Nawaran'' was erected for the genus,<ref name=Esquerre>{{cite journal |last1=Esquerré |first1=Damien |last2=Donnellan |first2=Stephen |last3=Brennan |first3=Ian G. |last4=Lemmon |first4=Alan R. |last5=Moriarty Lemmon |first5=Emily |last6=Zaher |first6=Hussam |last7=Grazziotin |first7=Felipe G. |last8=Keogh |first8=J Scott |title=Phylogenomics, Biogeography, and Morphometrics Reveal Rapid Phenotypic Evolution in Pythons After Crossing Wallace's Line |journal=Systematic Biology |year=2020 |volume=69 |issue=6 |pages=1039–1051 |doi=10.1093/sysbio/syaa024|pmid=32208482 |doi-access=free }}</ref> overlooking the available name ''Nyctophilopython'' for the species which was immediately [[Synonym (taxonomy)|synonymised]] with the resurrected ''Nyctophilopython''.<ref name=Kaiser2020>{{cite journal |last1=Kaiser |first1=Hinrich |last2=Thomson |first2=Scott A. |last3=Shea |first3=Glenn M. |title=''Nawaran'' Esquerré, Donnellan, Brennan, Lemmon, Lemmon, Zaher, Grazziotin & Keogh, 2020 is an invalid junior synonym of ''Nyctophilopython'' Wells & Wellington, 1985 (Squamata, Pythonidae): simple priority without ''Zoobank'' pre-registration |journal=Bionomina |date=2020 |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=47–54 |doi=10.11646/bionomina.20.1.4|s2cid=234402033 }}</ref>
As of June 2022, [[ITIS]] and the [[IUCN Red List]] identify the ''Simalia'' classification as valid,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=1094048| title=ITIS - Report: Simalia oenpelliensis }}</ref><ref>[https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/42494211/42494251 Species. Taxonomy] {{webarchive|date=24 November 2020
|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124191729/https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/42494211/42494251}}</ref> while [[The Reptile Database]] uses ''Nyctophilopython''.<ref name=RDB/>
==Description==
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