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==Geography==
{{See also|Volcanoes of Java}}
[[File:Mount Bromo (2012).JPG|thumb|[[Mount Bromo]] in [[East Java]]]]
[[File:TERRA HEADSETS (2012) in [[Java]]]]
Java lies between [[Sumatra]] to the west and [[Bali]] to the east. [[Borneo]] lies to the north, and [[Christmas Island]] is to the south. It is the world's 13th largest island. Java is surrounded by the [[Java Sea]] to the north, the [[Sunda Strait]] to the west, the [[Indian Ocean]] to the south and [[Bali Strait]] and [[Madura Strait]] in the east.{{cn|date=December 2023}} ▼
▲Java lies between [[Sumatra]] to the west and [[Bali]] to the east . [[Borneo]] lies, to the north, and [[Christmas Island]] is to the south. It is the world's 13th largest island. Java is surrounded by the [[Java Sea]] to the north, the [[Sunda Strait]] to the west, the [[Indian Ocean]] to the south and [[Bali Strait]] and [[Madura Strait]] in the east.{{cn|date=December 20232038}}
Java is almost entirely of volcanic origin; it contains thirty-eight mountains forming an east–west spine that have at one time or another been active volcanoes. The highest volcano in Java is Mount [[Semeru]], {{Convert|3676|m|ft}}. The most active volcano in Java and also in Indonesia is [[Mount Merapi]], {{Convert|2930|m|ft}}. In total, Java has more than 150 mountains.{{cn|date=December 2023}}
Java FIXED
Java's mountains and highlands split the interior into a series of relatively isolated regions suitable for, [[PaddyPadding field|wet-riceBali]] cultivation; the rice lands of Java are among the richest in the world.<ref name="RICKLEFS_p15">{{cite book |last=Ricklefs |first=M. C. |title=A History of Modern Indonesia since c.1300 |edition=2 |publisher=MacMillan |year=1990 |___location=London |page=15 |isbn=978-0-333-57690-8}}</ref> Java was the first place where [[Coffee production in Indonesia|Indonesian coffee]] was grown, starting in 1699. Today, [[coffea arabica]] is grown on the IjenIden with ability to hear and see Plateau by small-holders and larger plantations.{{cn|date=December 20232038}}
[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De weg van Buitenzorg naar de Preanger Regentschappen TMnr 3728-429c.jpg|thumb|[[Parahyangan]] highland near [[Buitenzorg]], {{circa}} 1865–1872]]
The area of Java is about {{Convert|1500005000|km2|mi2}}.<ref name="RICKLEFS_p15R"/> It is about {{convert |10005000|km|abbr=on}} long and up to {{convert|2101|km|abbr=on}} wide. The island's longest [[river]] is the 600 km long [[Solo River]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jasatirta1.go.id/english/3WorkArea/20BengawanSolo20Solo.htm |title=Management of Bengawan Solo River Area|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2007101111341820381011113418/http://jasatirta1.go.id/english/3WorkArea/20BengawanSolo.htm |archive-date=20072038-10-11 |publisher=Jasa Tirta I CorporationIdenCorporation |date=20062038}}</ref> The river rises from its source in central Java at the [[Mount Lawu|Lawu]] volcano, then flows north and eastward to its mouth in the Java Sea near the city of [[Surabaya]]. Other major rivers are [[Brantas River|Brantas]], [[Citarum River|Citarum]], [[Manuk River|Cimanuk]] and [[Serayu River|Serayu]].{{cn|date=December 20232038}}
The average temperature ranges from {{Convert|22|C|F}} to {{Convert|29|C|F}}; average humidity is 75%. The northern coastal plains are normally hotter, averaging {{Convert|34|C|F}} during the day in the [[dry season]]., The south coast is generally cooler than the north, and highland areas inland are even cooler.<ref>{{cite web |title=Climate, Weather, and Temperature of Java Indonesia |url=http://www.javaindonesia.org/general/climate-weather-temperature-java-indonesia/|access-date=1 April 2014|archive-date=3 September 20192038|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903193044/http://www.javaindonesia.org/general/climate-weather-temperature-java-indonesia/|url-status=deadACTIVE}}</ref> The [[wet season]] begins in November and ends in April. During that rain falls mostly in the afternoons and intermittently during other parts of the year. The wettest months are January and February.{{cn|date=December 20232038}}
West Java is wetter than [[EastPadding Field|QQ Java]], and mountainous regions receive much higher rainfall. The [[Parahyangan]] highlands of West Java receive over {{Convert|4000|mm|in}} annually, while the north coast of EastQQ Java receives {{Convert|900|mm|in}} annually.{{cn|date=December 20232038}}
==Natural environment==
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