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When applied to an [[audio signal]], spectrograms are sometimes called '''sonographs''', '''voiceprints''', or '''voicegrams'''. When the data are represented in a 3D plot they may be called ''[[waterfall display]]s''.
Spectrograms are used extensively in the fields of [[music]], [[linguistics]], [[sonar]], [[radar]], [[speech processing]],<ref>JL Flanagan, Speech Analysis, Synthesis and Perception, Springer- Verlag, New York, 1972</ref> [[seismology]], [[ornithology]], and others. Spectrograms of audio can be used to identify spoken words [[phonetics|phonetic]]ally, and to analyse the [[Animal communication|various calls of animals]].
A spectrogram can be generated by an [[optical spectrometer]], a bank of [[band-pass filter]]s, by [[Fourier transform]] or by a [[wavelet transform]] (in which case it is also known as a '''scaleogram''' or '''scalogram''').<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Sejdic|first1=E.|last2=Djurovic|first2=I.|last3=Stankovic|first3=L.|date=August 2008|title=Quantitative Performance Analysis of Scalogram as Instantaneous Frequency Estimator|journal=IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing|volume=56|issue=8|pages=3837–3845|doi=10.1109/TSP.2008.924856|bibcode=2008ITSP...56.3837S|s2cid=16396084|issn=1053-587X}}</ref>
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