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{{main|Data model}}
[[File:3-4 Data model roles.svg|thumb|320px|How data models deliver benefit.<ref name="MW99"/>]]
Data models provide a framework for [[data]] to be used within [[information system]]s by providing specific definition and format. If a data model is used consistently across systems then compatibility of data can be achieved. If the same data structures are used to store and access data then different applications can share data seamlessly. The results of this are indicated in the diagram. However, systems and interfaces are often expensive to build, operate, and maintain. They may also constrain the business rather than support it. This may occur when the quality of the data models implemented in systems and interfaces is poor.<ref name="MW99">Matthew West and Julian Fowler (1999). [https://sites.google.com/site/drmatthewwest/publications/princ03.pdf Developing High Quality Data Models] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200909121755/https://d2024367-a-62cb3a1a-s-sites.googlegroups.com/site/drmatthewwest/publications/princ03.pdf?attachauth=ANoY7crjITgBSUdEyb3UlEOS2OxXk3r-iJk0-S4EfbK3PtqCZvEgcZwvpBiF3VGC7M0IMhTWLZoERz8Otd2Tu5Bquzo4NmuOxyeAzvQa0DZlSIea0KlbnoKFHPK9zM3Pg1p7f2b_OcaIv3_J8mkFK8rMoR_UABqsAM_Pa9wd6qHK1by_hBvYNRPKQZpTM4-rqh1D4x68mcRDzADCED8sFixAn4Nezq0zd_hunEOcJ8m7FSTyRa2xnOA%3D&attredirects=0 |date=September 9, 2020 }}. The European Process Industries STEP Technical Liaison Executive (EPISTLE).</ref>
Some common problems found in data models are:
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