Content deleted Content added
No edit summary |
WikiEditor50 (talk | contribs) Applied lowercase following article title; cleanup |
||
Line 1:
{{refcleanup|date=March 2013}}'''Local
==Definitions for
There are several definitions for
In 2007 GTZ (now called [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit|GIZ]]) refined the definition of the World Bank by describing LED as "a process to mobilise stakeholders from the public and the private sectors as well as from civil society, to become partners in a joint effort to improve the economy of a defined subnational territory and thus increase its competitiveness".<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Rücker |first1=Anja |url=http://www2.gtz.de/wbf/doc/gtz_LRED_manuscript_ii.pdf |title=Local and Regional Economic Development |last2=Trah |first2=Gabriele |publisher=GTZ |___location=Eschborn |publication-date=February 2007 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070818191147/http://www2.gtz.de/wbf/doc/gtz_LRED_manuscript_ii.pdf |archive-date=18 August 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
The [[Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation]] defined LED as "a broad set of activities, which aim at creating a competitive advantage for an urban or rural territory and for the enterprises in this territory to improve territorial attractiveness and economic wellbeing". This definition was developed for the SDC by Mesopartner, a research consultancy specialising in LED that was co-founded by the late [[Jörg Meyer-Stamer]].
Different developmental organisations tend to emphasise elements in the definitions that are aligned with their specific mandate. For instance, [[United Nations Human Settlements Programme|UN-Habitat]] defines LED "a participatory process where local people from all sectors work together to stimulate local commercial activity resulting in a resilient and sustainable economy." and as "an approach to help create decent jobs and improve the quality of life for everyone, including the poor and marginalized".<ref>UN-Habitat (2004),
The [[International Labour Organization]] (ILO) defines LED as "a participatory development process that encourages partnership arrangements between the main private and public stakeholders of a defined territory, enabling the joint design and implementation of a common development strategy, by making use of the local resources and competitive advantage in a global context, with the final objective of creating decent jobs and stimulating economic activity".<ref>Rodríguez-Pose, Andrés (2001), The role of the ILO in implementing local economic development strategies in a globalized world, Department of Geography and Environment, London School of Economics, London, 31 December 2001</ref>
Line 26:
There are two broad approaches to LED. One is about developing a strategy for a ___location, mainly through planning. This is often the preferred approach by international development organisations and governments in developing countries.<ref name=":0" /> The other approach is a more iterative approach where local stakeholders jointly learn about what is possible in the local context. In this approach a broad range of private and public stakeholders cooperate to improve local conditions to create jobs and local wealth.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Cunningham |first1=Shawn |last2=Meyer-Stamer |first2=Jörg |date=2006-06-30 |title=Planning or doing local economic development? Problems with the orthodox approach to LED |url=http://www.ajol.info/index.php/ai/article/view/22449 |journal=Africa Insight |volume=35 |issue=4 |doi=10.4314/ai.v35i4.22449 |issn=1995-641X}}</ref>
According to the ILO, national and local governments, as well as enterprises and other organisations have to rethink development strategies to cope with ongoing events such as [[globalization]]. In contrast to traditional development policies,
=== Local economic development responses to the COVID-19 pandemic ===
| |||