SMS Rheinland: differenze tra le versioni

Versione delle 15:09, 27 apr 2021

Versione delle 18:04, 27 apr 2021

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La ''Rheinland'' ebbe come primo comandante il ''[[Kapitän zur See]]'' (''KzS'') [[Albert Hopman]], dall'entrata in servizio fino all'agosto del 1910. Fu temporaneamente sostituito dal ''[[Korvettenkapitän]]'' [[Wilhelm Bunnemann]] quando gran parte dell'equipaggio fu trasferito sul nuovo incrociatore da battaglia [[SMS Von der Tann]], per permetterne l'entrata in servizio nel settembre del 1910. Il ''KzS'' Hopman riprese il comando alla fine del mese e lo tenne fino al settembre del 1911. Il ''KzS'' [[Richard Engel]] lo sostituì nel 1911 e rimase in comando fino all'agosto del 1915, quando fu sostituito dal ''KzS'' [[Heinrich Rohardt]] che mantenè l'incarico per oltre un anno, fino al dicembre del 1916, quando gli subentrò il ''Korvettenkapitän'' [[Theodor von Gorrissen]]. L'incarico di quest'ultimo durò fino al settembre del 1918; sostituito dal ''KzS'' [[Ernst Toussaint]], che comandò la nave per meno di un mese. Il ''[[Fregattenkapitän]]'' [[Friedrich Berger]] fu l'ultimo comandante della ''Rheinland'', dal settembre 1918 fino alla radiazione della nave, il 4 ottobre.<ref>{{cita|Hildebrand, Röhr, & Steinmetz|p. 71}}</ref>

== Service history ==<ref></ref>

[[File:Bundesarchiv DVM 10 Bild-23-61-23, Linienschiff "SMS Rheinland".jpg|thumb|alt=ALa large battleship lined with guns and equipped with two tall masts sits in harbor.|SMS ''Rheinland'', c. 1910]]

La ''Rheinland'' wasfu orderedordinata undercon theil provisionalnome nameprovvisorio ''Ersatz Württemberg'', ascome asostituta replacementdella for[[SMS theWürttemberg]], oldappartente alla classe di corazzate {{sclass-|Sachsen|ironclad|2}} {{SMS|Württemberg|1878|2}}.<ref>{{sfncita|Gröner|p=23}}</ref> She was laid down on 1 June 1907 at the [[AG Vulcan]] shipyard in [[Stettin]].<ref>{{sfncita|Staff|p=27}}</ref> Like her sister {{SMS|Nassau||2}}, construction proceeded under absolute secrecy; detachments of soldiers guarded the shipyard itself, as well as contractors such as [[Krupp]] that supplied building materials.<ref>{{sfncita|Hough|p=26}}</ref> The ship was launched on 26 September 1908;<ref>{{sfncita|Staff|p=27}}</ref> at the launching ceremony the ship was christened by [[Elisabeth of Wied|Queen Elisabeth of Romania]] and [[Clemens Freiherr von Schorlemer-Lieser]] gave a speech.<ref>{{sfncita|Hildebrand, Röhr, & Steinmetz|p=72}}</ref> [[Fitting-out]] work was completed by the end of February 1910. A dockyard crew was used for limited [[sea trial]]s, which lasted from 23 February to 4 March 1910 off [[Swinemünde]]. She was then taken to [[Kiel]], where she was commissioned into the [[High Seas Fleet]] on 30 April 1910. More sea trials followed in the Baltic Sea.<ref>{{sfncita|Staff|p=30}}</ref>

At the conclusion of trials on 30 August 1910, ''Rheinland'' was taken to [[Wilhelmshaven]], where a significant portion of the crew was transferred to the new [[battlecruiser]] ''Von der Tann''. Following the autumn fleet maneuvers in September, the crew was replenished with crewmembers from the old [[pre-dreadnought]] {{SMS|Zähringen||2}}, which was decommissioned at the same time. ''Rheinland'' was then assigned to [[I Battle Squadron]] of the High Seas Fleet. In October, the fleet went on the annual winter cruise, followed by fleet exercises in November. The ship took part in the summer cruises to Norway each August in 1911, 1913, and 1914.{{sfn|Staff|p=30}}</ref>

= .== World War I ===

''Rheinland'' participated in nearly all of the fleet advances throughout the war.{{sfn|Staff|p=30}} The first such operation was conducted primarily by the battlecruisers; the ships [[Raid on Scarborough, Hartlepool and Whitby|bombarded Scarborough, Hartlepool, and Whitby]] on 15–16 December 1914.{{sfn|Tarrant|p=31}} During the operation, the German battle fleet of some 12 dreadnoughts and 8 pre-dreadnoughts, which was serving as distant support for the battlecruisers, came to within {{convert|10|nmi|abbr=on}} of an isolated squadron of six British battleships. However, skirmishes between the rival [[destroyer]] screens convinced the German commander, Admiral [[Friedrich von Ingenohl]], that he was confronted with the entire [[Grand Fleet]]. He broke off the engagement and turned for home.{{sfn|Tarrant|pp=31–33}} A fleet sortie to the [[Dogger Bank]] took place on 24 April 1915. During the operation, the high-pressure cylinder of ''Rheinland''{{'}}s starboard engine failed. Repair work lasted until 23 May.{{sfn|Staff|pp=30–31}}