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The '''IBM System/360 Model 20''' is the smallest member of the [[IBM System/360]] family announced in November 1964. The Model 20 supports only a subset of the System/360 instruction set, with binary numbers limited to 16 bits and no floating point.<ref name=FuncChar>{{cite book|publisher=IBM|id=A26-5847-3|title=IBM System/360 Model 20 Functional Characteristics|date=1967|url=http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/360/functional_characteristics/A26-5847-3_360-20_funChar_Apr67.pdf}}</ref> In later years it would have been classified as a 16-bit [[minicomputer]] rather than a [[Mainframe computer|mainframe]], but the term "minicomputer" was not current, and in any case IBM wanted to emphasize the compatibility of the Model 20 rather than its differences from the rest of the System/360 line. It does, however, have the full System/360 decimal instruction set, that allows for addition, subtraction, product, and dividend of up to 31 decimal digits.
Developed by IBM in [[Böblingen]], Germany,<ref name=Pugh>{{cite book|last1=Pugh|first1=Emerson W.|last2=Johnson|first2=Lyle R.|last3=Palmer|first3=John H.|title=IBM's 360 and Early 370 Systems|year=1991|publisher=MIT Press|isbn=0-262-16123-0|url=https://archive.org/details/ibms360early370s0000pugh|url-access=registration}}</ref>{{rp|pp.217–218,352}} the system was intended for [[Computer data processing|data processing]] and as a replacement for [[Unit record equipment|tab equipment]]. An incompatible small computer, the [[IBM 1130]] introduced the following year, was designed for scientific and engineering computing.
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|url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1464182.1464221
|title=The IBM 2560 multi-function card machine |author=C. E. Spurrier
|book-title=Proceedings of the April
|year=1966|pages=315–321
|doi=10.1145/1464182.1464221
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* Model A2: four card stackers.
Card flow is: a read station, a punch station, and on the A2 a print station allowing text to be printed on cards. Cards then flowed into one of the stackers after being processed.<ref name=FuncChar/>{{rp|
IBM's announcement proclaimed the 2560 as providing "a card-handling capability never before possible on a single pass through the system."<ref>{{cite web
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On such systems TPS provides an assembler and tape manipulation utility programs.
Additional capabilities are provided on systems with 8192 bytes of main storage,
and still more with four or more magnetic tape drives.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/360/model20/C24-9009-3_TPS_OperProcedures_Mar69.pdf |title=IBM System/360 Model 20 Tape Programming System Operating Procedures |edition=Fourth |date=March 1969 |id=C24-9009-3 |publisher=[[IBM]] |quote=This publication provides Model 20 operators with the information required to operate their systems using the Model 20 Tape Programming System (TPS)}}</ref>{{rp|pages=
===Card Programming Support===
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* Two Model 20 processors along with numerous peripherals (forming at least one complete system) located in Nürnberg, Germany were purchased on [[eBay]] in April/May 2019 for €3710 by two UK enthusiasts who, over the course of some months, moved the machine to [[Creslow Park]] in [[Buckinghamshire]], United Kingdom. The system was in a small, abandoned building left untouched for decades, and apparently had been used in that building since all peripherals were still fully wired and interconnected. The systems are now in a dedicated machine room, and are undergoing restoration in preparation for public display in the future.<ref name="ibms360">{{cite web|url=https://ibms360.co.uk/?page_id=22|title=IBM 360 MODEL 20 RESCUE AND RESTORATION|access-date=2019-05-20|year=2019}}</ref>
* {{As of|2020}}, a Model 20 processor along with some peripherals is on public display at the [[Deutsches Museum]] in [[Munich]], [[Germany]].<ref name="ibm360deutsches">{{cite web|url=http://www.deutsches-museum.de/en/exhibitions/communication/computers/universal-computers/|title=Deutsches Museum - Computers with semiconductor components|access-date=2020-03-18|year=2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601131705/http://www.deutsches-museum.de/en/exhibitions/communication/computers/universal-computers/|archive-date=2020-06-01|url-status=dead}}</ref>
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* [http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pdf/ibm/360/model20/C26-3810-3_360-20_diskUtils_Mar69.pdf IBM System/360 Model 20 / Disk Programming System / Disk Utility Programs] "The purpose of this manual is to show you how to use and modify the Disk Utility programs by describing the job-control and utility control statements and indicating the variety of disk operations these programs can perform."
*[http://bitsavers.trailing-edge.com/pdf/ibm/360/model20/C24-9006-4_260-20_CtlPgm_Mar69.pdf IBM System/360 Model 20 Disk Programming System Control and Service Programs] "This publication describes the purpose and functions of the Control and Service programs of the IBM System/360 Model 20 Disk Programming System (DPS)."
*[http://bitsavers.trailing-edge.com/pdf/ibm/360/model20/GC26-3602-5_360_20_Card_Programming_Support_Basic_Assembler_Language_Jan71.pdf IBM System/360 Model 20 / Card Programming Support / Basic Assembler Language] "This reference publication provides programmers with the information required to write programs in the Basic Assembler language of the IBM System/360 Model 20."
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{{DEFAULTSORT:IBM System 360 Model 20}}
[[Category:IBM System/360 mainframe line|System
[[Category:16-bit computers]]
[[Category:Remote job entry]]
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