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'''Chi-square automatic interaction detection''' ('''CHAID''')<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kass |first=G. V. |date=1980 |title=An Exploratory Technique for Investigating Large Quantities of Categorical Data |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2986296 |journal=Applied Statistics |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=119–127 |doi=10.2307/2986296|jstor=2986296 }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Biggs |first1=David |last2=De Ville |first2=Barry |last3=Suen |first3=Ed |date=1991 |title=A method of choosing multiway partitions for classification and decision trees |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02664769100000005 |journal=Journal of Applied Statistics |language=en |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=49–62 |doi=10.1080/02664769100000005 |issn=0266-4763}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> is a [[Decision tree learning|decision tree]] technique based on adjusted significance testing ([[Bonferroni correction]], [[Holm-Bonferroni method|Holm-Bonferroni testing]]). The technique was developed in South Africa and was published in 1980 by Gordon V. Kass, who had completed a PhD thesis on this topic. CHAID can be used for prediction (in a similar fashion to [[regression analysis]], this version of CHAID being originally known as XAID) as well as classification, and for detection of interaction between variables. CHAID is based on a formal extension of AID (Automatic Interaction Detection)<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Morgan |first1=James N. |last2=Sonquist |first2=John A. |date=1963 |title=Problems in the Analysis of Survey Data, and a Proposal |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01621459.1963.10500855 |journal=Journal of the American Statistical Association |language=en |volume=58 |issue=302 |pages=415–434 |doi=10.1080/01621459.1963.10500855 |issn=0162-1459}}</ref> and THAID (THeta Automatic Interaction Detection)<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Messenger |first1=Robert |last2=Mandell |first2=Lewis |date=1972 |title=A Modal Search Technique for Predictive Nominal Scale Multivariate Analysis |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01621459.1972.10481290 |journal=Journal of the American Statistical Association |language=en |volume=67 |issue=340 |pages=768–772 |doi=10.1080/01621459.1972.10481290 |issn=0162-1459}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Morgan |first=James N. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/666930 |title=THAID, a sequential analysis program for the analysis of nominal scale dependent variables |date=1973 |others=Robert C. Messenger |isbn=0-87944-137-2 |___location=Ann Arbor, Mich. |oclc=666930}}</ref> procedures of the 1960s and 1970s, which in turn were extensions of earlier research, including that performed by Belson in the UK in the 1950s.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Belson |first=William A. |date=1959 |title=Matching and Prediction on the Principle of Biological Classification |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2985543 |journal=Applied Statistics |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=65–75 |doi=10.2307/2985543|jstor=2985543 }}</ref> A history of earlier supervised tree methods together with a detailed description of the original CHAID algorithm and the exhaustive CHAID extension by Biggs, De Ville, and Suen,<ref name=":0" /> can be found in [[Gilbert Ritschard|Ritschard]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Ritschard |first=Gilbert |title=CHAID and Earlier Supervised Tree Methods |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315476407 |journal=Contemporary Issues in Exploratory Data Mining in the Behavioral Sciences, McArdle, J.J. And G. Ritschard (Eds) |___location=New York |publisher=Routledge |publication-date=2013 |pages=48–74}}</ref>
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==Further reading==
* Press, Laurence I.; Rogers, Miles S.; & Shure, Gerald H.; ''An interactive technique for the analysis of multivariate data'', Behavioral Science, Vol. 14 (1969), pp. 364–370
* Hawkins, Douglas M.
* Hooton, Thomas M.; Haley, Robert W.; Culver, David H.; White, John W.; Morgan, W. Meade; & Carroll, Raymond J.; ''The Joint Associations of Multiple Risk Factors with the Occurrence of Nosocomial Infections'', American Journal of Medicine, Vol. 70, (1981), pp. 960–970
* Brink, Susanne; & Van Schalkwyk, Dirk J.; ''Serum ferritin and mean corpuscular volume as predictors of bone marrow iron stores'', South African Medical Journal, Vol. 61, (1982), pp. 432–434
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* [https://www.ibm.com/downloads/cas/Z6XD69WQ IBM SPSS Decision Trees] grows exhaustive CHAID trees as well as a few other types of trees such as CART.
* An R package ''[https://r-forge.r-project.org/R/?group_id=343 CHAID]'' is available on R-Forge.
[[Category:Market research]]
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