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SPI uses a [[master–slave (technology)|master–slave architecture]], described here with the terms "main" and "sub",{{NoteTag|The {{slink||Alternative terminology}} section gives more details on proposed alternative terminology. See [[Talk:Serial Peripheral Interface#Terminology|the talk page]] for an ongoing discussion.}} <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Dhaker |first=Piyu |date=2018 |title=Introduction to SPI Interface |url=https://www.analog.com/en/analog-dialogue/articles/introduction-to-spi-interface.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230525152752/https://www.analog.com/en/analog-dialogue/articles/introduction-to-spi-interface.html |archive-date=2023-05-25 |access-date=2023-07-21 |website=[[Analog Dialogue]]}}</ref> where one{{NoteTag|For any given transaction, only one device is the main. However, some devices support changing main and sub roles on the fly. Most microcontrollers can easily reconfigure their SPI's role, and some Atmel and Silabs devices can change roles depending on an external pin.}} main device [[Signaling (telecommunications)|orchestrates communication]] with some number of peripheral (sub) devices by driving the [[clock signal]] and [[chip select]] signal(s).
[[Motorola]]'s original specification (early 1980s) uses four [[Wire|wires]] to perform [[full duplex]] communication. It is sometimes called a ''four-wire'' [[serial bus]] to contrast with [[Serial Peripheral Interface#Three-wire|three-wire]] variants which are [[half duplex]], and with the ''two-wire'' [[I²C]] and [[1-Wire]] serial buses.
Typical [[#Applications|applications]] include interfacing [[microcontrollers]] with peripheral chips for [[Secure Digital]] cards, [[liquid crystal display]]s, [[analog-to-digital]] and [[digital-to-analog converters]], [[Flash memory#Serial flash|flash]] and [[EEPROM#Serial bus devices|EEPROM]] memory, and various communication chips.
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