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==Level 1 regression equation==
When there is a single level 1 independent variable, the level 1 model is
<math> Y_{ij} = \alpha_{i} + \beta_{ij} X_{ij} + e_{ij}</math>.
*<math>Y_{ij} </math> refers to the score on the dependent variable for an individual observation at Level 1 (subscript i refers to individual case, subscript j refers to the group).
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===Level===
The concept of level is the keystone of this approach. In an [[educational research]] example, the levels for a 2-level model might be
#pupil
#class
However, if one were studying multiple schools and multiple school districts, a 4-level model could
#pupil
#class
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