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The '''Trans-Java Toll Road''' is a [[toll road|tolled]] [[controlled-access highway|expressway]] network that runs from [[Port of Merak]] in [[Cilegon]], the main link between the island of [[Sumatra]] and [[Java]], to [[Banyuwangi]], the eastern end of the island in [[Indonesia]] and the main link between the island of Java and Bali. It mainly runs through the northern coast of the island, except for the section between Semarang and Surabaya, where it runs through the centre and south of the island. It runs through five of the six provinces on the island of Java ([[Special Region of Yogyakarta|DI Yogyakarta]] being the sole exception), connecting the major cities of [[Jakarta]], [[Cirebon]], [[Semarang]], [[Surakarta|Solo]], and [[Surabaya]]. The toll road is the land transportation backbone of the island and is the most important toll road network of the country. The toll road has a total length of {{convert|1167|km|mi}}.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hadi |first=Nur |date=20 December 2017 |title=Jokowi Determined to Complete Trans Java Toll Road by 2019 |newspaper=Tempo |url=https://en.tempo.co/read/news/2017/12/20/056914242/Jokowi-Determined-to-Complete-Trans-Java-Toll-Road-by-2019 |accessdate=26 December 2017}}</ref>
The Trans-Jawa toll network was first conceived in whole in 1995, by President [[Suharto|Soeharto]] as a means to connect both ends of the island to help with distribution and general traffic between the major cities that it runs through. But, the [[1997 Asian financial crisis]] which affected the country, halted any developments.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |last1=Prabowo |first1=Dani |editor-last=Alexander |editor-first=Hilda |title=Tol Trans-Jawa Terwujud dalam Masa Kepemimpinan 6 Presiden |url=https://www.kompas.com/properti/read/2018/12/21/084044621/tol-trans-jawa-terwujud-dalam-masa-kepemimpinan-6-presiden?page=all |access-date=29 December 2022 |website=Kompas.com |date=21 December 2018 |publisher=Kompas}}</ref> The project was later revived by President Joko Widodo, with the construction of the remaining sections starting between 2014 and 2016.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Syarizka |first1=Deandra |title=Tol Pemalang-Batang dan Batang-Semarang Mulai Dibangun |url=https://ekonomi.bisnis.com/read/20160617/45/558946/tol-pemalang-batang-dan-batang-semarang-mulai-dibangun |website=Bisnis.com |date=17 June 2016 |publisher=Bisnis |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> This revival is mainly due to the main [[North Coast Road (Java)|Pantura]] road getting increasingly congested, especially during the Eid and Christmas seasons.
Several sections of the toll road were completed in December 2018, fully connecting the sections between [[Port of Merak]] and [[Surabaya]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Suparman |first1=Fana |title=Jakarta-Surabaya Tersambung Tol, Warga Rasakan Manfaatnya |url=https://www.beritasatu.com/ekonomi/530203/jakartasurabaya-tersambung-tol-warga-rasakan-manfaatnya |website=beritasatu.com |publisher=Berita Satu |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> Meanwhile, the section connecting [[Surabaya]] and [[Probolinggo]] was completed a year later.<ref>{{cite web |title=Peresmian Jalan Tol Ruas Pasuruan-Probolinggo oleh Presiden Joko Widodo |url=https://www.wtr.co.id/id/peresmian-jalan-tol-ruas-pasuruan-probolinggo-oleh-presiden-joko-widodo/ |website=wtr.co.id |publisher=Waskita Karya |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> As of 2023, The section between [[Probolinggo]] and [[Banyuwangi]] had its ground breaking with targeted completion date of 2025. <ref>{{cite web |last1=Yanwardhana |first1=Emir |title=Mohon Maaf! Tol Trans Jawa ke Banyuwangi Tak Tuntas 2024 |url=https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20220916094832-4-372613/mohon-maaf-tol-trans-jawa-ke-banyuwangi-tak-tuntas-2024 |website=cnbcindonesia.com |publisher=CNBC Indonesia |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref>
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== History ==
During the [[Dutch East Indies|Dutch colonial era]], the colonial government ordered Governor-General [[Herman Willem Daendels]] to build a road connecting the two major ports of [[Anyer]], part of modern-day [[Banten]] and [[Panarukan]] in modern-day [[Situbondo]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nas |first1=Peter |last2=Pratiwo |title=Java and De Groote Postweg, La Grande Route, the Great Mail Road, Jalan Raya Pos |journal=Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde |date=2002 |volume=158 |issue=4 |pages=707–725 |doi=10.1163/22134379-90003763 |url=http://www.leidenuniv.nl/fsw/nas/pdf/NasPratiwoPostweg30-10-2001.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327110211/http://www.leidenuniv.nl/fsw/nas/pdf/NasPratiwoPostweg30-10-2001.pdf |access-date=29 December 2022|archive-date=2009-03-27 }}</ref>
Following the Indonesian independence. The road becomes the main route connecting the major cities of [[Jakarta]], [[Semarang]], and [[Surabaya]], albeit with several deviations, instead of going through the old [[Parahyangan|Preanger]] cities of [[Bogor]], [[Cianjur, Cianjur Regency|Cianjur]], [[Bandung]], [[Sumedang]], before rejoining the coast in [[Cirebon]], the new road instead follows the northern Java coast and is more commonly known as [[North Coast Road (Java)|Pantura]] (''Jalur Pantai Utara'', literally meaning North Coast Road)
Over the years, this highway gets increasingly congested,<ref>{{cite web |title=Ada 31 Titik Macet di Pantura yang Perlu Diwaspadai |url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-2638840/ada-31-titik-macet-di-pantura-yang-perlu-diwaspadai |website=detik.com |publisher=Detiknews |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> the volume of cars using it increases each year, especially during Eid or Christmas seasons.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rahmawati |first1=Winda |date=30 July 2013 |editor-last=Wibisono |editor-first=Rahmat |title=Mudik Lebaran 2013 : Kemacetan Jalur Pantura Diprediksi Jumat-Minggu Depa |url=https://www.solopos.com/mudik-lebaran-2013-kemacetan-jalur-pantura-diprediksi-jumat-minggu-depan-433075 |website=solopos.com |publisher=Solo Pos}}</ref> The congestion is also caused by the fact that the highway is open-access, meaning that everyone, including pedestrians could use this road, not just intercity traffic. Frequent roadworks along the routes also hampers traffic.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jalur Pantura macet akibat perbaikan jalan |url=https://www.antaranews.com/berita/348733/jalur-pantura-macet-akibat-perbaikan-jalan |website=antaranews.com |date=15 December 2012 |publisher=Kantor Berita Antara |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref>
In order to combat congestion, President [[Suharto|Soeharto]] started commissioning toll roads along the corridor in the 1980s, following the construction of Indonesia's first toll road, the [[Jagorawi Toll Road|Jakarta-Bogor-Ciawi (Jagorawi)]] Toll Road. Soeharto also created a [[State-owned enterprises of Indonesia|state-owned enterprise]] PT. Jasa Marga to regulate and operate toll roads in Indonesia.
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Following the opening of the Cikampek-Palimanan section, Widodo instructed involved parties, particularly the [[Ministry of Public Works and Housing (Indonesia)|Ministry of Public Works]] to accelerate the completion of the remaining sections in both Central Java<ref>{{cite web |last1=Duta |first1=Diemas Krisna |title=Pemerintah Kebut Penyelesaian Tol Trans Jawa |url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/ekonomi/20150726081735-92-68163/pemerintah-kebut-penyelesaian-tol-trans-jawa |website=cnnindonesia.com |publisher=CNN Indonesia |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> and East Java. The remaining sections then simultaneously started construction in 2016, along with the finishing of partially completed sections and the construction of a new road on the Porong-Gempol section to replace the one washed out by the [[Sidoarjo mud flow|Lapindo floods]].
After years of construction, this toll road network was finally completed and unveiled by President Joko Widodo on 20 December 2018, with the unveiling taking place on two locations, in Mojokerto<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pratama |first1=Akhdi Martin |title=Jokowi Resmikan 4 Ruas Tol, Trans Jawa Tersambung |url=https://ekonomi.kompas.com/read/2018/12/20/112709726/jokowi-resmikan-4-ruas-tol-trans-jawa-tersambung |website=kompas.com |date=20 December 2018 |publisher=Kompas |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> and the Kalikuto Bridge, Batang<ref>{{cite web |last1=Riana |first1=Friski |title=Jokowi Resmikan 3 Ruas Tol Trans Jawa di Jembatan Kalikuto |url=https://bisnis.tempo.co/read/1157337/jokowi-resmikan-3-ruas-tol-trans-jawa-di-jembatan-kalikuto |website=tempo.co |date=20 December 2018 |publisher=Tempo}}</ref> (which became the icon for the new highway). Officially connecting [[Port of Merak|Merak]] and [[Surabaya]]. While the section connecting [[Surabaya]] and [[Probolinggo]] was completed and unveiled the next year.
As of 2023, the only uncompleted portions of the Trans-Java Toll Road is the section between [[Probolinggo]] and [[Banyuwangi]]. The 170 km section, which would connect both Java coast, is currently under construction at a slow pace due to several problems, mainly problems arising from land ownership.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://ekonomi.bisnis.com/read/20221018/45/1588881/ini-alasan-jalan-tol-probolinggo-banyuwangi-belum-tersambung|title=Ini Alasan Jalan Tol Probolinggo-Banyuwangi Belum Tersambung|first=Muhammad|last=Ridwan|editor-first=Fitri Sartina|editor-last=Dewi|date=18 October 2022|access-date=7 February 2023|___location=Nusa Dua|work=Bisnis|language=id}}</ref>
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