David Pinski: differenze tra le versioni

Versione delle 10:14, 18 mag 2021

Versione delle 10:16, 18 mag 2021

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In un momento in cui l'Europa orientale stava appena iniziando a sperimentare la [[rivoluzione industriale]], Pinski fu il primo a introdurre sul suo palcoscenico un dramma sui lavoratori urbani ebrei; drammaturgo di idee, si distinse anche per aver scritto sulla [[sessualità umana]] con una franchezza precedentemente sconosciuta alla letteratura yiddish. Era anche noto tra i primi drammaturghi yiddish per avere legami più forti con le tradizioni letterarie in [[lingua tedesca]] rispetto al [[lingua russa|russo]].

==Primi anni==

'''David Pinski''' ([[Yiddish]]: דוד פּינסקי; April 5, 1872 – August 11, 1959) was a [[Yiddish language]] writer, probably best known as a playwright. At a time when Eastern Europe was only beginning to experience the [[industrial revolution]], Pinski was the first to introduce to its stage a drama about urban [[Jew]]ish workers; a dramatist of ideas, he was notable also for writing about [[human sexuality]] with a frankness previously unknown to [[Yiddish literature]]. He was also notable among early Yiddish playwrights in having stronger connections to [[German language]] literary traditions than [[Russian language|Russian]].

==Early life==

He was born in [[Mogilev]], in the [[Russian Empire]] (present-day [[Belarus]]), and was raised in nearby [[Vitebsk]]. At first destined for a career as a rabbi, he had achieved an advanced level in [[Talmud|Talmudic]] studies by the age of 10.<ref name="Bookman">Goldberg, Isaac (1918). "[http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20130407182331/http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/etcbin/toccer-new2?id=GolNewy.sgm&images=images/modeng&data=/texts/english/modeng/parsed&tag=public&part=all New York's Yiddish writers]". ''The Bookman''. Vol.&nbsp;46. pp.&nbsp;684-689; on Pinski, pp.&nbsp;684-686. Electronic version via [[Library of Congress]]. Retrieved 2017-07-03.</ref> At 19 he left home, originally intending to study [[medicine]] in [[Vienna]], [[Austria]], but a visit to [[I.L. Peretz]] in [[Warsaw]] (then also under Russian control, now the capital of [[Poland]]) convinced him to pursue a literary career instead. He briefly began studies in Vienna (where he also wrote his first significant short story, "Der Groisser Menshenfreint"—"The Great Philanthropist"), but soon returned to Warsaw, where he established a strong reputation as a writer and as an advocate of [[Labor Zionism]], before moving to [[Berlin]], [[Germany]] in 1896 and to [[New York City]] in 1899.

He pursued a doctorate at [[Columbia University]]; however, in 1904, having just completed his play ''Family Tsvi'' on the day set for his Ph.D. examination, he failed to show up for the exam, and never finished the degree.<ref name="Bookman"/>

==WorksOpere==

[[File:Pinski-Tailor.jpg|Poster: the Federal Theatre presents Pinski's "The Tailor Becomes a Storekeeper" ([[Chicago]], 1930s)|miniatura]]

His naturalistic tragedy ''Isaac Sheftel'' (1899) tells of a technically creative weaver, whose employer scorns him, but exploits his inventions. He finally smashes the machines he has created, and falls into drunken self-destruction. Like many of Pinski's central characters, he is something other than a traditional hero or even a traditional tragic hero.

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During this period he also undertook the major novels ''Arnold Levenberg: Der Tserisener Mentsh'' (''Arnold Levenberg: The Split Personality'', begun 1919) and ''The House of Noah Edon'' which was published in English translation in 1929; the Yiddish original was published in 1938 by the Wydawnictvo ("Publishers") Ch. Brzozo, Warsaw.<ref>Photocopy of title and publication page in possession of editor to be scanned and uploaded shortly</ref> The former centers on an Uptown, aristocratic German Jew, who is portrayed as an overefined and [[decadence|decadent]], crossing paths with, but never fully participating in, the important events and currents of his time. The latter is a multi-generational saga of a [[Lithuania]]n Jewish immigrant family, an interpretation of assimilation modeled{{Citation needed|date=February 2011}} on Peretz's ''Four Generations—Four Testaments''.

==EmigrationEmigrazione==

In 1949 he emigrated to the new state of Israel where he wrote a play about [[Samson]] and one about [[Saul the King|King Saul]]. However, this was a period in which Yiddish theater barely existed anywhere (even less so than today), and these were not staged.