Zero-configuration networking: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 13:20, 14 February 2024

Revision as of 13:32, 14 February 2024

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IPv6 hosts are required to support multiple addresses per interface; moreover, every IPv6 host is required to configure a link-local address even when global addresses are available. IPv6 hosts may additionally self-configure additional addresses on receipt of router advertisement messages, thus eliminating the need for a DHCP server.{{Ref RFC|4862}}

Both IPv4 and IPv6 hosts may randomly generate the host-specific part of an autoconfigured address. IPv6 hosts generally combine a prefix of up to 64 bits with a 64-bit EUI-64 derived from the factory-assigned 48-bit [[IEEE]] [[MAC address]]. The MAC address has the advantage of being globally unique, a basic property of the EUI-64. The IPv6 protocol stack also includes duplicate address detection to avoid conflicts with other hosts. In IPv4, the method is called ''link-local address autoconfiguration''.{{Ref<ref RFC|3927}}name="rfc3927" /> However, [[Microsoft]] refers to this as ''[[Automatic Private IP Addressing]]'' (APIPA)<ref>{{Citation | url = http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa505918.aspx | publisher = Microsoft | title = MS Developer Network | contribution = Apipa | access-date = 2008-07-05 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170318001826/https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa505918.aspx | archive-date = 2017-03-18 | url-status = dead }}</ref> or '''''Internet Protocol Automatic Configuration''''' ('''IPAC'''). The feature is supported in Windows since at least [[Windows 98]].<ref>{{Citation | url = http://support.microsoft.com/kb/220874 | title = Knowledge base | date = 6 January 2021 | contribution = How to use automatic TCP/IP addressing without a DHCP server | publisher = Microsoft}}</ref>

==Name service discovery==

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===Link-local IPv4 addresses===

Where no DHCP server is available to assign a host an IP address, the host can select its own [[link-local address]]. Using a link-local address, hosts can communicate over this link but only locally; Access to other networks and the Internet is not possible. There are some link-local IPv4 address implementations available:

* Apple Mac OS and MS Windows have supported link-local addresses since [[Windows 98]] and [[Mac OS 8#Mac OS 8.5|Mac OS 8.5]] (both released in 1998).<ref>{{cite journal |last1name=Cheshire |first1=S. |last2=Aboba |first2=B. |last3=Guttman |first3=E. |date=May 2005 |title=Dynamic Configuration of IPv4 Link-Local Addresses |url=https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/"rfc3927" |language=en |doi=10.17487/RFC3927 |issn=2070-1721|doi-access=free }}</ref> Apple released its open-source implementation in the [[Darwin (operating system)|Darwin]] bootp package.

* [[Avahi (software)|Avahi]] contains an implementation of IPv4LL in the avahi-autoipd tool.

* Zero-Conf IP (zcip)<ref>{{Citation | url = http://zeroconf.sourceforge.net/ | title = zcip | publisher = Source forge}}</ref>