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→The first stored-program computers: Add design date for IBM SSEC (info taken from its own page). Add operational data for EDVAC (info taken from its own page). |
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=== The first stored-program computers ===
Several computers could be considered the first stored-program computer, depending on the criteria.<ref name="Reilly2003" />
* [[IBM SSEC]], was designed in late 1944 and became operational in January 1948 but was [[electromechanical]]<ref>{{cite book|author=Emerson W. Pugh|author2=Lyle R. Johnson|author3=John H. Palmer|title=''IBM's 360 and Early 370 Systems''|url=https://archive.org/details/ibms360early370s0000pugh|url-access=registration|date=1991|publisher=MIT Press|isbn=978-0-262-51720-1|page=[https://archive.org/details/ibms360early370s0000pugh/page/15 15]}}</ref>
* In April 1948, modifications were completed to [[ENIAC]] to function as a stored-program computer, with the program stored by setting dials in its function tables, which could store 3,600 decimal digits for instructions. It ran its first stored program on 12 April 1948 and its first production program on 17 April<ref>{{cite book|author1=Thomas Haigh|author2=Mark Priestley|author3=Crispen Rope
|title=ENIAC in Action:Making and Remaking the Modern Computer
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* [[Manchester Baby]], a developmental, fully electronic computer that successfully ran a stored program on 21 June 1948. It was subsequently developed into the [[Manchester Mark 1]], which ran its first program in early April 1949.
* [[Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator]], EDSAC, which ran its first programs on 6 May 1949, and became a full-scale operational computer that served a user community beyond its developers.
* [[EDVAC]], conceived in June 1945 in ''[[First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC]]'', but not delivered until August 1949. It began actual operation (on a limited basis) in 1951.
* [[BINAC]], delivered to a customer on 22 August 1949. It worked at the factory but there is disagreement about whether or not it worked satisfactorily after being delivered. If it had been finished at the projected time, it would have been the first stored-program computer in the world. It was the first stored-program computer in the U.S.<ref>{{cite book |last=Hally |first=Mike |title=Electronic Brains |date=2005 |pages=40–41 |isbn=978-1862076631 |publisher=[[Granta]] |edition=First}}</ref>
* In 1951, the [[Ferranti Mark 1]], a cleaned-up version of the Manchester Mark 1, became the first commercially available electronic digital computer.
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