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{{original research|date=January 2015}}
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'''Conditional access''' ('''CA''') is a term commonly used in relation to [[software]] and to [[digital television]] systems. Conditional access is that ‘just-in-time’ evaluation to ensure the person who is seeking access to content is authorized to access the content. Said another way, conditional access is a type of access management. Access is managed by requiring certain criteria to be met before granting access to the content.
== In software ==
Conditional access is a function that lets you manage people’s access to the software in question, such as email, applications, and documents. It is usually offered as [[Software as a service|SaaS]] (Software-as-a-Service) and deployed in organizations to keep company [[data]] safe. By setting conditions on the access to this data, the organization has more control over who accesses the data and where and in what way the information is accessed.
When setting up conditional access, access can be limited to or prevented based on the policy defined by the [[system administrator]]. For example, a policy might require access is available from certain networks, or access is blocked when a specific [[web browser]] is requesting the access.
==In digital television==
Under the [[Digital Video Broadcasting]] (DVB) standard, conditional access system (CAS) standards are defined in the specification documents for DVB-CA (conditional access), [[Common Scrambling Algorithm|DVB-CSA]] (the common [[Scrambler|scrambling]] algorithm) and [[DVB-CI]] (the [[Common Interface]]).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Security |url=https://dvb.org/solutions/security/ |access-date=2022-12-05 |website=DVB |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-12-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205161912/https://dvb.org/solutions/security/ |url-status=live }}</ref> These standards define a method by which one can obfuscate a digital-television stream, with access provided only to those with valid decryption [[smart cards|smart-cards]]. The DVB specifications for conditional access are available from the [https://web.archive.org/web/20130116162443/http://www.dvb.org/technology/standards/index.xml#conditional standards page on the DVB website].
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Several companies provide competing CA systems; ABV, [[VideoGuard]], Irdeto, [[Nagravision]], [[Conax]], [[Viaccess]], [[Synamedia Ltd.|Synamedia]], [[Mediaguard]] (a.k.a. [[Nagra France|SECA]]) are among the most commonly used CA systems.
Due to the common usage of CA in DVB systems, many tools to aid in or even [[Pirate decryption|directly circumvent]] encryption exist. CAM emulators and multiple-format CAMs exist which can either read several card formats or even directly decrypt a compromised encryption scheme. Most multiple format CAMs and all CAMs that directly decrypt a signal are based on [[reverse engineering]] of the CA systems. A large proportion of the systems currently in use for DVB encryption have been opened to full decryption at some point, including Nagravision, Conax, Viaccess, Mediaguard (v1) as well as the first version of VideoGuard.
=== Conditional access in North America ===
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Cable companies in the United States are required by the [[Federal Communications Commission]] to support CableCARDs. Standards exist for two-way communication (M-card), but [[satellite television]] has separate standards. Next-generation approaches in the United States eschew such physical cards and employ schemes using downloadable software for conditional access such as [[Downloadable Conditional Access System|DCAS]].
The main appeal of such approaches is that the [[access control]] may be upgraded dynamically in response to security breaches without requiring expensive exchanges of physical [[conditional-access module]]s. Another appeal is that it may be inexpensively incorporated into non-traditional media display devices such as [[
=== Conditional access systems ===
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| 0x4AEB || Abel Quintic || Abel DRM Systems || 2009 || Secure ||
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| 0x4AFC || Panaccess || Panaccess Systems GmbH || 2010 || Secure (Farncombe Certified) || CA for DVB-S/S2, DVB-T/T2, DVB-C, DVB-IP, OTT, VOD, Catchup etc.
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| 0x2600
0x2610
| [[BISS]]
BISS-E
| [[European Broadcasting Union]] || 2002
2018
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