AVR microcontrollers: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 07:30, 10 April 2005

Revision as of 07:35, 10 April 2005

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The '''Atmel AVR''' is a family of [[RISC]] [[microcontroller]]s from [[Atmel]]. The AVR architecture was conceived by two students at the [[Norwegian Institute of Technology]] (NTH) and further refined and developed at '''Atmel Norway''', the Atmel daughter company founded by the two chip architects.

The AVR is a [[Harvard Architecture|Harvard architecture]] CPU. It has 32 [[8-bit]] registers[[processor register|register]]s. Some instructions[[instruction set|instruction]]s only operate on a subset of these registers. The concatenated Register[[register Filefile]], Input-Output[[input/output]] Filefile and Datadata Memorymemory make up a Unifiedunified Memory[[address space]] accessed through Loadsload/Storesstore operations. Unlike the [[PIC microcontroller|PIC]], the Stack[[stack (computing)|stack]] is located in this Unifiedunified Memorymemory space and isn't strictly limited to a fixed size.

The AVR was designed at the outset for efficient execution of [[compiler|compiled]] [[C programming language|C]] code. Thus some instructions, such as '<code>add immediate</code>', are strangely missing (you have to '<code>subtract immediate</code>' the [[complement]] instead), while others, such as '<code>compare with carry</code>', are included.

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The [[AVR instruction set]] is more regular than that of many other 8-bit microcontrollers ([[PIC microcontroller|PIC]] for example). However, it is not strictly orthogonal: pointer registers X, Y, Z have different addressing capabilities, and the same with Register File and IO File locations, .

Like the PIC, it has a dedicated [[hobbyisthobby]]ist following (exemplified by the ''AVRFreaks'' Internet forum), largely due to the existence of inexpensive/free development tools, for instance a port of the GNU [[GNU Compiler Collection|GCC]] tools.

The acronym '''AVR''' has been reported/rumoured to stand for '''''A'''dvanced '''V'''irtual '''R'''ISC'' and/or the initials of the two company founders&mdash;'''A'''lf Egil Bogen and '''V'''egard Wollan&mdash;who for their part have chosen to let the matter rest unresolved, giving mostly shadowy answers when asked directly.