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| ''c.'' 1416
| [[Jamshīd al-Kāshī]] invented the ''Plate of Conjunctions'', an [[analog computer]] instrument used to determine the time of day at which [[planetary conjunction]]s will occur,<ref>{{Cite journal| issn = 0021-1753| volume = 38| issue = 1/2| pages = 56–59| last = Kennedy| first = E. S.| title = Al-Kāshī's "Plate of Conjunctions"| journal = Isis| date = November 1947| jstor = 225450| doi = 10.1086/348036| s2cid = 143993402}}</ref> and for performing [[linear interpolation]]. He also invented a mechanical "planetary computer" which he called the ''Plate of Zones'', which could graphically solve a number of planetary problems, including the prediction of the true positions in [[longitude]] of the Sun and Moon,<ref name="Kennedy">{{Cite journal |last=Kennedy |first=Edward S. |year=1950 |title=A Fifteenth-Century Planetary Computer: al-Kashi's "Tabaq al-Manateq" I. Motion of the Sun and Moon in Longitude |journal=[[Isis (journal)|Isis]] |volume=41 |issue=2 |pages=180–183 |doi=10.1086/349146|pmid=15436217 |s2cid=43217299 }}</ref> and the [[planet]]s;<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kennedy |first=Edward S. |year=1952 |title=A Fifteenth-Century Planetary Computer: al-Kashi's "Tabaq al-Maneteq" II: Longitudes, Distances, and Equations of the Planets |journal=[[Isis (journal)|Isis]] |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=42–50 |doi=10.1086/349363|s2cid=123582209 }}</ref> the [[latitude]]s of the Sun, Moon, and planets; and the [[ecliptic]] of the Sun. The instrument also incorporated an [[alhidade]] and [[ruler]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kennedy |first=Edward S. |year=1951 |title=An Islamic Computer for Planetary Latitudes |journal=[[Journal of the American Oriental Society]] |volume=71 |issue=1 |pages=13–21 |doi=10.2307/595221 |jstor=595221}}</ref>
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| 1493
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