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==Benefits==
Mixed-use developments are home to significant employment and housing opportunities.<ref name=":1">{{cite journal| url=https://doi.org/10.1177/875697281704800607| doi=10.1177/875697281704800607| title=Competitive Precinct Projects: The Five Consistent Criticisms of "Global" Mixed-Use Megaprojects| year=2017| last1=Harris| first1=Mike| journal=Project Management Journal| volume=48| issue=6| pages=76–92| s2cid=117672467}}</ref> Many of these projects are already located in established downtown districts, meaning that development of public transit systems is incentivized in these regions.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Advantages and Disadvantages of Mixed-Use Development |url=https://www.gaebler.com/Advantages-And-Disadvantages-Of-Mixed-Use-Development.htm |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=Gaebler.com Resources for Entrepreneurs |language=en}}</ref> By taking undervalued and underutilized land, often former heavy industrial, developers can repurpose it to increase land and property values.<ref name=":1" /> These projects also increase housing variety, density, and oftentimes affordability through their focus on multifamily, rather than [[Single-family zoning|single-family]] housing compounds.<ref name="planning.org">{{Cite web|title=American Planning Association, "Planning and Community Health Research Center: Mixed Use Development|url=http://www.planning.org/nationalcenters/health/mixedusedevelopment.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207034351/https://www.planning.org/nationalcenters/health/mixedusedevelopment.htm|archive-date=2013-02-07|access-date=2012-11-01}}</ref> A more equal balance between the supply and demand of jobs and housing is also found in these districts.<ref name=":5">Xiaoping Liu, Ning Niu, Xingjian Liu, He Jin, Jinpei Ou, Limin Jiao & Yaolin Liu (2018) Characterizing mixed-use buildings based on multi-source big data, International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 32:4, 738-756, {{doi|10.1080/13658816.2017.1410549}}</ref>
[[File:Pentagon Row.jpg|thumb|Apartments with ground floor retail and ice skating rink at Pentagon Row in Arlington, VA.]]
This development pattern is centered around the idea of “live, work, play,” transforming buildings and neighborhoods into multi-use entities. Efficiency, productivity, and quality of life are also increased with regards to workplaces holding a plethora of amenities.<ref name=":2" /> Examples include gyms, restaurants, bars, and shopping. Mixed-use neighborhoods promote community and socialization through their bringing together of employees, visitors, and residents.<ref name=":2" /> A distinctive character and sense-of-place is created by transforming single use districts that may run for eight hours a day (ex. commercial office buildings running 9am - 5pm) into communities that can run eighteen hours a day through the addition of cafes, restaurants, bars, and nightclubs.<ref name="planning.org" /> Safety of neighborhoods in turn may be increased as people stay out on the streets for longer hours.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Trench|first1=Sylvia|last2=Oc|first2=Taner|last3=Tiesdell|first3=Steven|date=1992|title=Safer Cities for Women: Perceived Risks and Planning Measures|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40113842|journal=The Town Planning Review|volume=63|issue=3|pages=279–296|doi=10.3828/tpr.63.3.r16862416261h337|jstor=40113842|issn=0041-0020}}</ref>
Mixed-use neighborhoods and buildings have a strong ability to adapt to changing social and economic environments. When the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] hit, New York retailers located on long, commercially oriented blocks suffered severely as they were no longer attracting an audience of passersby. By combining multiple functions into one building or development, mixed-use districts can build resiliency through their ability to attract and maintain visitors.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Chaffin|first=Joshua|date=2021-10-09|title=Manhattan's office towers are a tale of the haves and the have-nots|work=Financial Times|url=https://www.ft.com/content/0fc60c68-7e8f-492d-ae4c-f66272793212|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221211191208/https://www.ft.com/content/0fc60c68-7e8f-492d-ae4c-f66272793212|archive-date=2022-12-11|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|access-date=2021-11-23}}</ref>
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== Drawbacks ==
[[File:Vessel in Hudson Yards, 2021-10-02.jpg|thumb|"The Vessel" - Tourist attraction featuring interconnected staircases with viewing ledges in mixed-use neighborhood of Hudson Yards, NY.]]
Due to the speculative nature of large scale real estate developments, mega-mixed-use projects often fall short on meeting equity and affordability goals. High-end residential, upscale retail, and [[Class A Office Space|Class A office spaces]] appealing to high-profile tenants are often prioritized due to their speculative potential.<ref name=":1" /> There is also a trend towards making residential spaces in mixed-use developments to be condominiums, rather than rental spaces. A study done by the [[Journal of the American Planning Association]] found that a focus on homeownership predominantly excludes individuals working in public services, trades, cultural, sales and service, and manufacturing occupations from living in amenity-rich city centers.<ref name=":6" /> Despite incentives like density bonuses, municipalities and developers rarely put a significant focus on affordable housing provisions in these plans.<ref name=":6" />
Mixed-use buildings can be risky given that there are multiple tenants residing in one development.<ref name=":2" /> Mega-mixed-use projects, like [[Hudson Yards (development)|Hudson Yards]], are also extremely expensive. This development has cost the City of New York over 2.2 billion dollars.<ref name=":4">Fisher, B and Leite, F. (2018) “The Cost of New York City’s Hudson Yards Redevelopment Project.” Schwartz Center for Economic Policy Analysis and Department of Economics, The New School for Social Research, Working Paper Series 2018-2. http://www.economicpolicyresearch.org/images/docs/research/political_economy/Cost_of_Hudson_Yards_WP_11.5.18.pdf</ref> Critics argue that taxpayer dollars could better serve the general public if spent elsewhere.<ref name=":4" /> Additionally, mixed-use developments, as a catalyst for economic growth, may not serve their intended purpose if they simply shift economic activity, rather than create it. A study done by Jones Lang LaSalle Incorporated (JLL) found that "90 percent of Hudson Yards' new office tenants relocated from Midtown."<ref name=":4" />
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