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{{Internet}}
{{Internet hosting}}
A '''blog''' (a [[Clipping (morphology)|truncation]] of "'''weblog'''")<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rebeccablood.net/essays/weblog_history.html|title=Weblogs: A History And Perspective|last=Blood|first=Rebecca|date=September 7, 2000|access-date=September 2, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530144950/http://www.rebeccablood.net/essays/weblog_history.html|archive-date=May 30, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> is an informational [[website]] consisting of discrete, often informal diary-style text entries (posts). Posts are typically displayed in [[Reverse chronology|reverse chronological order]] so that the most recent post appears first, at the top of the [[web page]]. Until 2009, blogs were often the work of a single individual, occasionally of a small group, and often covered a single subject or topic. In the 2010s, "multi-author blogs" (MABs) emerged, featuring the writing of multiple [[
The emergence and growth of blogs in the late 1990s coincided with the advent of web publishing tools that facilitated the posting of content by non-technical users who did not have much experience with [[HTML]] or [[computer programming]]. Previously, knowledge of such technologies as HTML and [[File Transfer Protocol]] had been required to publish content on the Web, and early Web users therefore tended to be [[hacker]]s and computer enthusiasts. As of the 2010s, the majority are interactive [[Web 2.0]] websites, allowing visitors to leave online comments, and it is this interactivity that distinguishes them from other static websites.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mutum|first1=Dilip|last2=Wang|first2=Qing|editor=Neal M. Burns |editor2=Terry Daugherty |editor3=Matthew S. Eastin|title=Handbook of Research on Digital Media and Advertising: User Generated Content Consumption|volume=1|year=2010|publisher=IGI Global|pages=248–261|chapter=Consumer Generated Advertising in Blogs}}</ref> In that sense, blogging can be seen as a form of [[social networking service]]. Indeed, bloggers not only produce content to post on their blogs but also often build social relations with their readers and other bloggers.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Gaudeul, Alexia |author2=Peroni, Chiara |name-list-style=amp |year=2010|url=https://ideas.repec.org/a/ebl/ecbull/eb-10-00198.html |title=Reciprocal attention and norm of reciprocity in blogging networks|journal=[[Economics Bulletin]]|volume=30|issue=3|pages=2230–2248}}</ref> Blog owners or authors often [[Internet forum#Moderators|moderate]] and [[Wordfilter|filter]] online comments to remove [[hate speech]] or other offensive content. There are also high-readership blogs which do not allow comments.
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===Origins===
Before blogging became popular, digital communities took many forms, including [[Usenet]], commercial online services such as [[GEnie]], [[Byte Information Exchange]] (BIX) and the early [[CompuServe]], [[electronic mailing list|e-mail lists]],<ref>The term "e-log" has been used to describe journal entries sent out via e-mail since as early as March 1996.{{cite web|last=Norman|first=David|title=Users confused by blogs|date=July 13, 2005|url=http://lists.drupal.org/archives/development/2005-07/msg00208.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070607235110/http://lists.drupal.org/archives/development/2005-07/msg00208.html|archive-date=June 7, 2007|access-date =June 5, 2008}} {{cite web|title=Research staff and students welcome 'E-Log'|publisher=University College London|date=December 2003|url=http://www.ucl.ac.uk/news-archive/archive/2003/december-2003/latest/newsitem.shtml?03120901|access-date=June 5, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070812190236/http://www.ucl.ac.uk/news-archive/archive/2003/december-2003/latest/newsitem.shtml?03120901 |archive-date=August 12, 2007}}</ref> and [[Bulletin Board System]]s (BBS). In the 1990s, [[Internet forum]] software created running conversations with "threads". Threads are topical connections between messages on a virtual "[[Bulletin board|corkboard]]".{{
Berners-Lee also created what is considered by [[Encyclopædia Britannica|Encyclopedia Britannica]] to be "the first 'blog{{' "}} in 1992 to discuss the progress made on creating the World Wide Web and software used for it.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dennis |first=Michael Aaron |author-link=Michael Aaron Dennis |last2=Hosch |first2=William L. |last3=Tikkanen |first3=Amy |date=2007-04-11 |title=blog |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/blog |access-date=2023-05-03 |publisher=[[Encyclopedia Britannica]] |language=en}}</ref>
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An early milestone in the rise in importance of blogs came in 2002, when many bloggers focused on comments by [[United States Senate Majority Leader|U.S. Senate Majority Leader]] [[Trent Lott]].<ref name="massing essay">{{cite journal | last = Massing | first = Michael | author-link = Michael Massing | title = The News About the Internet | journal = New York Review of Books | volume = 56 | issue = 13 | date = August 13, 2009 | pages = 29–32 | url = http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22960 | access-date = October 10, 2009 }}</ref> Senator Lott, at a party honoring [[United States Senate|U.S. Senator]] [[Strom Thurmond]], praised Senator Thurmond by suggesting that the United States would have been better off had Thurmond been elected president. Lott's critics saw these comments as tacit approval of [[racial segregation]], a policy advocated by Thurmond's [[1948 United States presidential election|1948 presidential campaign]]. This view was reinforced by documents and recorded interviews dug up by bloggers. (See [[Josh Marshall]]'s ''[[Talking Points Memo]]''.) Though Lott's comments were made at a public event attended by the media, no major media organizations reported on his controversial comments until after blogs broke the story. Blogging helped to create a political crisis that forced Lott to step down as majority leader.
Similarly, blogs were among the driving forces behind the "[[Rathergate]]" scandal. Television journalist [[Dan Rather]] presented documents on the CBS show ''[[60 Minutes]]'' that conflicted with accepted accounts of President Bush's military service record. Bloggers declared the documents to be [[forgery|forgeries]] and presented evidence and arguments in support of that view. Consequently, CBS apologized for what it said were inadequate reporting techniques (see: [[Little Green Footballs]]). The impact of these stories gave greater credibility to blogs as a medium of news dissemination.
In Russia, some political bloggers have started to challenge the dominance of official, overwhelmingly pro-government media. Bloggers such as [[Rustem Adagamov]] and [[Alexei Navalny]] have many followers, and the latter's nickname for the ruling [[United Russia]] party as the "party of crooks and thieves" has been adopted by anti-regime protesters.<ref>[[Daniel Sandford (journalist)|Daniel Sandford]], [[BBC News]]: "Russians tire of corruption spectacle", https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-15972326</ref> This led to ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' calling Navalny "the man [[Vladimir Putin]] fears most" in March 2012.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Man Vladimir Putin Fears Most (the weekend interview) |url=https://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052970203986604577257321601811092 | first=Matthew | last=Kaminski | newspaper=The Wall Street Journal | date=March 3, 2012 }}</ref>
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In India, blogger Gaurav Sabnis resigned from [[IBM]] after his posts questioned the claims made by a management school.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=152721 |title=Bloggers join hands against B-school |work=The Indian Express |access-date=January 30, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051214164021/http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=152721 |archive-date=December 14, 2005 }}</ref> [[Jessica Cutler]], aka "The Washingtonienne", blogged about her sex life while employed as a congressional assistant. After the blog was discovered and she was fired,<ref>
{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A48909-2004May22.html|title=The Hill's Sex Diarist Reveals All (Well, Some)|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=May 23, 2004|access-date=June 5, 2008}}</ref> she wrote a novel based on her experiences and blog: ''The Washingtonienne: A Novel''. {{
Catherine Sanderson, a.k.a. [[Petite Anglaise]], lost her job in Paris at a British accountancy firm because of blogging.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://edition.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/europe/07/19/france.blog/index.html?section=cnn_tech
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