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ABMs have been deployed in architecture and urban planning to evaluate design and to simulate pedestrian flow in the urban environment<ref>{{cite journal |first1=G.D.P.A |last2=Wullschleger |first2=Tobias |last3=Müller |first3=Hanspeter |last4=Schmitt |first4=Gerhard |last1=Aschwanden |year=2009 |title=Evaluation of 3D city models using automatic placed urban agents |journal=Automation in Construction |volume=22 |pages=81–89 |doi=10.1016/j.autcon.2011.07.001}}</ref> and the examination of public policy applications to land-use.<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Daniel G. |last1=Brown |last2=Page |first2=Scott E. |last3=Zellner |first3=Moira |last4=Rand |first4=William |year=2005 |title=Path dependence and the validation of agent-based spatial models of land use |journal=International Journal of Geographical Information Science |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=153–174 |doi=10.1080/13658810410001713399|doi-access=free |bibcode=2005IJGIS..19..153B }}</ref> There is also a growing field of socio-economic analysis of infrastructure investment impact using ABM's ability to discern systemic impacts upon a socio-economic network.<ref>{{cite report |first1=Paul |last2=Stiff |first2=David |last1=Smetanin |year=2015 |title=Investing in Ontario's Public Infrastructure: A Prosperity at Risk Perspective, with an analysis of the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area |journal=The Canadian Centre for Economic Analysis |url=http://www.cancea.ca/sites/economic-analysis.ca/files/reports/CANCEA%20Report%20-%20Investing%20in%20Ontario%27s%20Infrastructure%20FINAL%20Oct%202015%20Web.pdf |access-date=November 17, 2016 |archive-date=November 18, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161118042407/http://www.cancea.ca/sites/economic-analysis.ca/files/reports/CANCEA%20Report%20-%20Investing%20in%20Ontario%27s%20Infrastructure%20FINAL%20Oct%202015%20Web.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Heterogeneity and dynamics can be easily built in ABM models to address wealth inequality and social mobility.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Yang |first1=Xiaoliang |last2=Zhou |first2=Peng |date=April 2022 |title=Wealth inequality and social mobility: A simulation-based modelling approach |journal=Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization |language=en |volume=196 |pages=307–329 |doi=10.1016/j.jebo.2022.02.012 |s2cid=247143315 |doi-access=free |hdl=10419/261231 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
ABMs have also been proposed as applied educational tools for diplomats in the field of [[international relations]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Butcher |first=Charity |last2=Njonguo |first2=Edwin |date=2021-12-22 |title=Simulating Diplomacy: Learning Aid or Business as Usual? |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15512169.2020.1803080 |journal=Journal of Political Science Education |language=en |volume=17 |issue=sup1 |pages=185–203 |doi=10.1080/15512169.2020.1803080 |issn=1551-2169}}</ref> and for domestic and international policymakers to enhance their evaluation of [[public policy]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gilbert |first=Nigel |last2=Ahrweiler |first2=Petra |last3=Barbrook-Johnson |first3=Pete |last4=Narasimhan |first4=Kavin Preethi |last5=Wilkinson |first5=Helen |date=2018 |title=Computational Modelling of Public Policy: Reflections on Practice |url=http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/21/1/14.html |journal=Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation |language=en |volume=21 |issue=1 |doi=10.18564/jasss.3669 |issn=1460-7425}}</ref>.
=== In water management ===
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