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'''English-language learner''' (often abbreviated as '''ELL''') is a term used in some English-speaking countries such as the [[United States]] and [[Canada]] to describe a person who is learning the [[English language]] and has a native language that is not English. Some [[Education in the United States|educational]] advocates, especially in the United States, classify these students as non-native English speakers or emergent bilinguals.<ref>{{cite book |id={{ERIC|ED524002}} |last1=Garcia |first1=Ofelia |last2=Kleifgen |first2=Jo Anne |last3=Falchi |first3=Lorraine |title=From English Language Learners to Emergent Bilinguals. Equity Matters. Research Review No. 1 |date=January 2008 |publisher=Campaign for Educational Equity, Teachers College, Columbia University }}{{pn|date=June 2023}}</ref> Various other terms are also used to refer to students who are not proficient in English, such as [[English as a second or foreign language|English as a second language (ESL)]], English as an additional language (EAL), limited English proficient (LEP), culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD), non-native English speaker, bilingual students, heritage language, emergent bilingual, and language-minority students. The legal term that is used in federal legislation is 'limited English proficient'.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Wright|first=Wayne|title=Foundations for Teaching English Language Learners|publisher=Caslon|year=2010|___location=Philadelphia|pages=3 and 4}}</ref>
The instruction and [[Educational assessment|assessment]] of students, their [[cultural background]], and the attitudes of classroom [[teacher]]s towards ELLs have all been found to be factors in the achievement of these students. Several methods have been suggested to effectively teach ELLs, including integrating their home cultures into the classroom, involving them in language-appropriate [[content-area instruction]] early on, and integrating [[literature]] into their learning programs. When teaching ELLs potential issues like assessment biases, expectations, and use of the language may also be present.
== History ==
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