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[[MPEG-1]], developed by the [[Moving Picture Experts Group]] (MPEG), followed in 1991, and it was designed to compress [[VHS]]-quality video.<ref name="history"/> It was succeeded in 1994 by [[MPEG-2]]/[[H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2|H.262]],<ref name="history"/> which was developed with patents licensed from a number of companies, primarily [[Sony]], [[Technicolor SA|Thomson]] and [[Mitsubishi Electric]].<ref name="mp2-patents"/> MPEG-2 became the standard video format for [[DVD]] and [[SD digital television]].<ref name="history"/> Its motion-compensated DCT algorithm was able to achieve a [[compression ratio]] of up to 100:1, enabling the development of [[digital media]] technologies such as [[video on demand]] (VOD)<ref name="Lea"/> and [[high-definition television]] (HDTV).<ref name="Shishikui">{{cite journal |last1=Shishikui |first1=Yoshiaki |last2=Nakanishi |first2=Hiroshi |last3=Imaizumi |first3=Hiroyuki |title=An HDTV Coding Scheme using Adaptive-Dimension DCT |journal=Signal Processing of HDTV: Proceedings of the International Workshop on HDTV '93, Ottawa, Canada |date=October 26–28, 1993 |pages=611–618 |doi=10.1016/B978-0-444-81844-7.50072-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j9XSBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA611 |publisher=[[Elsevier]] |isbn=9781483298511}}</ref> In 1999, it was followed by [[MPEG-4 Visual|MPEG-4]]/[[H.263]], which was a major leap forward for video compression technology.<ref name="history"/> It uses patents licensed from a number of companies, primarily Mitsubishi, [[Hitachi]] and [[Panasonic]].<ref name="mp4-patents"/>
The most widely used video coding format {{as of|2019|lc=y}} is [[H.264/MPEG-4 AVC]].<ref name="Bitmovin">{{cite web |url=https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3411032/Bitmovin%20Magazine/Video%20Developer%20Report%202019/bitmovin-video-developer-report-2019.pdf |title=Video Developer Report 2019 |website=[[Bitmovin]] |year=2019 |access-date=November 5, 2019}}</ref> It was developed in 2003, and uses patents licensed from a number of organizations, primarily Panasonic, [[Godo kaisha|Godo Kaisha IP Bridge]] and [[LG Electronics]].<ref name="avc-patents"/> In contrast to the standard DCT used by its predecessors, AVC uses the [[Discrete cosine transform|integer DCT]].<ref name="Stankovic"/><ref name="Wang">{{cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Hanli |last2=Kwong |first2=S. |last3=Kok |first3=C. |title=Efficient prediction algorithm of integer DCT coefficients for H.264/AVC optimization |journal=IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology |date=2006 |volume=16 |issue=4 |pages=547–552 |doi=10.1109/TCSVT.2006.871390|s2cid=2060937 }}</ref> H.264 is one of the video encoding standards for [[Blu-ray Disc]]s; all Blu-ray Disc players must be able to decode H.264. It is also widely used by streaming internet sources, such as videos from [[YouTube]], [[Netflix]], [[Vimeo]], and the [[iTunes Store]], web software such as the [[Adobe Flash Player]] and [[Microsoft Silverlight]], and also various [[HDTV]] broadcasts over terrestrial ([[
A main problem for many video coding formats has been [[patent]]s, making it expensive to use or potentially risking a patent lawsuit due to [[submarine patent]]s. The motivation behind many recently designed video coding formats such as [[Theora]], [[VP8]], and [[VP9]] have been to create a ([[Free software|libre]]) video coding standard covered only by royalty-free patents.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.cisco.com/collaboration/world-meet-thor-a-project-to-hammer-out-a-royalty-free-video-codec|title = World, Meet Thor – a Project to Hammer Out a Royalty Free Video Codec|date = August 11, 2015}}</ref> Patent status has also been a major point of contention for the choice of which video formats the mainstream [[web browser]]s will support inside the [[HTML5 video]] tag.
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