Once Upon a Time...: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|French educational animation franchise}}

'''''Once Upon a Time…Time...''''' ("''{{Lang|fr|Il était une fois…''fois...}}") is a French [[educational animation]] franchise, created by [[Albert Barillé]] for his animation studio [[Procidis]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Clements |first1=Jonathan |last2=McCarthy |first2=Helen |title=The Anime Encyclopedia: A Guide to Japanese Animation Since 1917, Revised and Expanded Edition |date=1 November 2006 |publisher=Stone Bridge Press |___location=Berkeley, California, United States of America |isbn=978-1933330105 |page=456 |language=English |quote="an explicitly educational series"}}</ref><ref name="Procidis">{{cite web |title=Procidis |url=https://www.hellomaestro.fr/en/story |website=Hello Maestro! |access-date=26 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130163708/https://www.hellomaestro.fr/en/story |archive-date=30 November 2022 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Milligan |first1=Mercedes |title=Procidis Shops 'Once Upon a Time…Life' Around MENA |url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/2016/12/procidis-shops-once-upon-a-timelife-around-mena/ |website=Animation Magazine |access-date=26 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204120006/https://www.animationmagazine.net/2016/12/procidis-shops-once-upon-a-timelife-around-mena/ |archive-date=4 February 2023 |date=17 December 2016}}</ref> There are seven distinct series, each focusing on different aspects of knowledge.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hello Maestro, a Cult Saga Made of 7 Seasons |url=https://www.hellomaestro.fr/en/procidis |website=Hello Maestro! |publisher=Procidis |access-date=26 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311204112/https://www.hellomaestro.fr/en/procidis |archive-date=11 March 2023 |language=English}}</ref> Once Upon a Time…Time... has been shown in a hundred different countries, and 150 million [[video cassettes]] and [[DVDs]] have been sold around the world, as well as 250 million tie-in books.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kessous |first1=Mustapha |title=« Il était une fois… la vie » revient sur France 4 dans une version restaurée |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/televisions-radio/article/2017/03/11/il-etait-une-fois-la-vie-les-enfants-d-abord_5092976_1655027.html |website=Le Monde |access-date=26 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210102012133/https://www.lemonde.fr/televisions-radio/article/2017/03/11/il-etait-une-fois-la-vie-les-enfants-d-abord_5092976_1655027.html |archive-date=2 January 2021 |language=French |date=11 March 2017}}</ref>

There are seven series in all.<ref>{{cite web |title=Procidis Signs International Deals for 'Once Upon a Time…Life' |url=https://www.awn.com/news/procidis-signs-international-deals-once-upon-time-life |website=Animation World Network |access-date=26 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021201830/https://www.awn.com/news/procidis-signs-international-deals-once-upon-time-life |archive-date=21 October 2022 |date=20 December 2016}}</ref> These are mostly [[History|historical]], with ''Once Upon a Time…Time... Man'' being focused on the overall history of [[mankind]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bargain-Villéger |first1=Alban |title=History for Children? Watching "Once Upon a Time… Man" as an Adult in the 21st Century |url=https://activehistory.ca/2015/09/history-for-children-watching-once-upon-a-time-man-as-an-adult-in-the-21st-century/ |website=Archive History |access-date=26 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215174417/https://activehistory.ca/2015/09/history-for-children-watching-once-upon-a-time-man-as-an-adult-in-the-21st-century/ |archive-date=15 February 2023 |date=3 September 2015}}</ref> Most of the others are more focused on specified historical fields, such as the lives and exploits of the [[Exploration|explorer]]s or [[inventor]]s,<ref>{{cite web |title=Once upon a Watch. History as a children's series |url=https://www.oulu.fi/en/blogs/philosophy-history-now/once-upon-watch-history-childrens-series |website=¡ Philosophy of History Now ! |publisher=University of Oulu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816141210/https://www.oulu.fi/en/blogs/philosophy-history-now/once-upon-watch-history-childrens-series |archive-date=16 August 2022 |date=29 April 2020}}</ref> except for ''Space'' and ''Life''. The former was a [[science fiction]] series,<ref>{{cite web |last1=St-Louis |first1=Hervé |title=Once Upon a Time... Space |url=http://www.comicbookbin.com/Once_Upon_a_Time_Space001.html |website=ComicBookBin |access-date=26 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230106171644/http://www.comicbookbin.com/Once_Upon_a_Time_Space001.html |archive-date=6 January 2023 |language=English |date=26 May 2014}}</ref> while the latter featured an explanation on the workings of the body. All feature the same [[stock character]]s, in similar [[Archetype|archetypal]] roles. "''Life''" is the only one to not feature the children as grown-up or adolescent archetypes of said characters, but as parts of the human organism.<ref>{{cite web |title=We are made like this, Exploring the human body (Once upon a time) the animated series |url=https://www.cartonionline.com/en/wordpress/we-are-made-like-this-exploring-the-human-body-once-a-lifetime-animated-series/ |website=Cartoni Online |access-date=26 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426214638/https://www.cartonionline.com/en/wordpress/we-are-made-like-this-exploring-the-human-body-once-a-lifetime-animated-series/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |language=English |date=15 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Kunz |first1=Tobias |last2=Wilde |first2=Lukas R. A. |title=Transmedia Character Studies |date=31 March 2023 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |___location=Abingdon-on-Thames, United Kingdom |isbn=9781000860443 |language=English |quote="The 'edutainment' children's series Once Upon a Time... Life (Barillé 1987), for instance, combined storylines about a fantastic journey into the human body with factual information about our inner working mechanisms."}}</ref>

Most of the series are in the [[animated documentary]] genre and teach in an [[Exposition (narrative)|expository]] style.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Formenti |first=Cristina |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VTdiEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA250 |title=The Classical Animated Documentary and Its Contemporary Evolution |date=2022-03-24 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=978-1-5013-4647-7 |pages=250–253 |language=en}}</ref>

== Chronology ==

; ''[[Once Upon a Time... Man|Once Upon a Time… Man]]''

: Originally produced in 1978, this series is the original series of the franchise, detailing the overall history of mankind. It was directed by [[Albert Barillé]].

;'' [[Once Upon a Time... Space|Once Upon a Time… Space]]''

: Produced in 1982, this series was a science fiction follow up to the last episode of ''Man'', which was futuristic in scope. The last six episodes of this series were made into a film titled ''Revenge of the Humanoids''. It was directed by Albert Barillé.

; ''[[Once Upon a Time... Life|Once Upon a Time… Life]]''

: Produced in 1987, this series focuses on the workings of the human body, and has the children shown as the archetypes of various parts of the organism (cells, [[bacteria]], etc.). It was directed by Albert Barillé.

; ''[[Once Upon a Time... The Americas|Once Upon a Time… The Americas]]''

: Produced in 1992, this series focuses on the history of the [[Americas|America]]n continent through all its settlements and their historical events. It was directed by Albert Barillé.

; ''[[Once Upon a Time... The Discoverers|Once Upon a Time… The Discoverers]]''

: Produced in 1994, this series focuses on various thinkers and inventors throughout history, from the ancient Chinese, through [[Henry the Navigator]], [[Johannes Gutenberg]], [[Leonardo da Vinci]], [[Galileo Galilei]], [[Isaac Newton]], [[Marie Curie]], until "tomorrow". It was directed by Albert Barillé.

; ''[[Once Upon a Time... The Explorers|Once Upon a Time… The Explorers]]''

: Produced in 1997, this series focuses on various explorers, from "The First Navigators", through [[Vasco de Gama]], [[Cabeza de Vaca]] and [[Alexander von Humboldt]], to the [[Lewis and Clark Expedition]] and [[Alexandra David Neel]]. It was, as all the series before it, directed by Albert Barillé.

; ''[[Once Upon a Time... Planet Earth|Once Upon a Time… Planet Earth]]''

: Produced in 2008, this series focuses on the preservation of the natural environment, and warnings about [[global warming]], the [[greenhouse effect]], [[pollution]], and others. It features very different animation compared to earlier series. It was the last film directed by Albert Barillé, and the last series in the franchise to date. This series has been released in English, Finnish, Dutch, German, Polish, Romanian and Hungarian dubbed versions.

== Characters ==

The series ''Once Upon a Time…Time...'' illustrated the various subjects (as listed above) from the point of view of a group that is always composed of similar recurring figures that represent different archetypal roles:<ref>{{cite book |last1=Stasienko |first1=Jan |title=Media Technologies and Posthuman Intimacy |date=16 December 2021 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |___location=London, United Kingdom |isbn=9781501380532 |page=76 |language=English |quote="the entire concept of Barille's Once Upon a Time... Life (1987) is also based on [anthropomorphizations]"}}</ref>

*'''Maestro''' ([[Roger Carel]])<ref name="Procidis" /> -– The wise old man.<ref name=":0" /> He usually serves as the head of the tribe, as a religious priest, as an adviser to the king and as an inventor. Maestro has long white hair, a pair of antennal growths and a beard that covers his entire body. He is seen to stash things away in this beard, sometimes fumbling quite a bit to find the object he wishes to present. He serves as the mentor to the children, telling them about the various subjects.

*'''Peter / Pierre''' (Roger Carel) -– The courageous and handsome young man. He represents the image of the good person and he is father of Pierrot and Little Pierrette.

*'''Jumbo / Le Gros''' ([[Yves Barsacq]]) -– The strong young man.<ref name=":0" /> Jumbo is Peter's best friend. A quite large person, with red hair and great physical powers. At times he tends to be a little clumsy, but he is very strong. He often defends Peter, Pierrette (and Psi in the spinoffs) from the bullies.

**Jumbo and Peter have also young counterparts (Little Jumbo and Pierrot (Vincent Ropion) and their development is usually followed from [[childhood]] to [[adolescence]], Peter has a daughter too named Little Pierrette).

*'''Psi''' -– The good young girl. A black-haired Brazilian woman who serves mostly as Peter's girlfriend, or as Peter's wife.

*'''Pierrette''' (Annie Balestra) -– The good young woman. Blonde-haired, serves mostly as Pierrot's and Little Pierrette's mother, or as Jumbo's wife.

*'''Little Pierrette''' -– She is Peter and Pierrette's daughter, as well as Pierrot's younger sister. She is not very important in the series, and never has been a core character. Her style changed in all the series. (In "Man" she has blond and long hair, In "Life" she has got very short hair, in "Discoverer" she has a ponytail).

*'''The Pest / Le Teigneux''' ([[Claude Bertrand (actor)|Claude Bertrand]]) -– The big bully, friend of 'The Dwarf', a large and strong bully that enjoys picking on others or attacking them. He is strong, but Jumbo is stronger.

*'''The Dwarf / Le Nabot''' ([[Patrick Préjean]]) -– The little bully, friend of 'The Pest', weak but shrewd and an intriguer. He has a malicious giggle. Both he and his friend display downright negative characters (traitors, spies, conspirators, murderers), or at least skeptics or hypocrites. They are the ones to generally start up a conflict between the circle of children.

*'''The Clock''' -– Displays the year when the events occur.<ref name=":0" /> Sometimes it has a character and reacts to what the screen shows. For example, it complains when narration proceeds many years forwards or glares at the scenery when something interesting is shown.

Some of them had historical roles. For example, Pest as [[Goliath]] and Pierrot as [[David]]. Maestro had the role of [[Leonardo da Vinci]]<ref name=":0" /> and mostly of benevolent or enlightened rulers (amongst these, he surprisingly represented Kublai Khan).