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Added a section on "Mechanical Testing" |
Ira Leviton (talk | contribs) Fixed a reference and section headings. Please see Category:CS1 errors: dates and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Capital letters#All caps. |
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[[Kawabata evaluation system]] measures the mechanical properties of the textiles, such as [[Tension (physics)|tensile strength]], [[Shear stress|shear strength]], surface friction, and roughness, The Kawabata evaluation system predicts human responses and understands the perception of softness. It can also be used to figure out the short-term heat transfer properties that are responsible for the feeling of coolness when fabrics touch the skin while being worn.{{sfn|Allerkamp|2010|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=RNlfJ1CFKoQC&q=kawabata+evaluation+system&pg=PA53 53]}}<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Harwood |first1=R. J. |last2=Weedall |first2=P. J. |last3=Carr |first3=C. |date=1990 |title=The use of the Kawabata Evaluation System for product development and quality control |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1990.tb01244.x |url-status=live |journal=Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists |volume=106 |issue=2 |pages=64–68 |doi=10.1111/j.1478-4408.1990.tb01244.x |issn=1478-4408 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182901/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1990.tb01244.x |archive-date=2021-07-09 |access-date=2021-07-03}}</ref>
== Mechanical
A variety of mechanical testing can be conducted on textile fibers, yarns and finished products. Factors such as the chemical structure of the fibers, twist of yarns and weaving structure can affect the mechanical properties.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Dolez |first=Patricia I. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FCxHDgAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&dq=mechanical%20testing%20of%20textiles&lr&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q=mechanical%20testing%20of%20textiles&f=false |title=Advanced Characterization and Testing of Textiles |last2=Vermeersch |first2=Olivier |last3=Izquierdo |first3=Valério |date=2017-09-19 |publisher=Woodhead Publishing |isbn=978-0-08-100454-8 |language=en}}</ref> Some of these are discussed here in more depth:
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Hydraulic or pneumatic methods can be employed to test the burst strength of textiles.<ref name=":4" /> In this test, a material is stressed in all directions at the same time by use of water (hydraulic) or air (pneumatic).<ref>{{Cite web |title=NPTEL :: Textile Engineering - Textile Testing |url=https://archive.nptel.ac.in/courses/116/102/116102029/ |access-date=2024-05-13 |website=archive.nptel.ac.in}}</ref> This is especially useful for applications such as parachutes, filters etc., as it provides more information compared to the uniaxial results obtained from the tensile strength measurements.
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For nonwovens, ISO 9073-7 (1995)<ref>{{Cite web |last=14:00-17:00 |title=ISO 9073-7:1995 |url=https://www.iso.org/standard/16657.html |access-date=2024-05-13 |website=ISO |language=en}}</ref> can be employed to gauge both bending length and flexural rigidity. In this, one end of a rectangular strip of fabric is supported with a ruler, while the other end hangs freely. Length of the material that will bend under its own weight to a specific extent is expressed as bending length. It provides a measure of the drapability of the fabric, whereas, flexural rigidity provides a measure of the stiffness of the fabric.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=December 1959
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ISO provides four different tests to measure tear strength of fabrics. ISO 13937-1 (2000) defines tear strength as "the force required to propagate a tear initiated under the specified conditions"<ref>{{Cite web |last=14:00-17:00 |title=ISO 13937-1:2000 |url=https://www.iso.org/standard/23369.html |access-date=2024-05-13 |website=ISO |language=en}}</ref> This test is useful for analyzing a material's behavior when subjected to a cut.
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