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{{Short description|Network communication protocol for providing shared access to resources}}
[[File:Map Network Drive.PNG|thumb|Map Network Drive dialog in Windows 10, connecting to a local SMB network drive]]
'''Server Message Block''' ('''SMB''') is a [[communication protocol]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa365233(VS.85).aspx|title=Microsoft SMB Protocol and CIFS Protocol Overview|publisher=[[Microsoft]]|date=October 22, 2009|access-date=April 10, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802013033/https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa365233(vs.85).aspx|archive-date=August 2, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> used to share files, [[Printer (computing)|printers]], [[Serial port|serial ports]], and miscellaneous communications between [[Node (networking)|nodes]] on a [[Computer network|network]]. On [[Microsoft Windows]], the SMB implementation consists of two vaguely named [[Windows service]]s: "Server" (ID: <code>LanmanServer</code>) and "Workstation" (ID: <code>LanmanWorkstation</code>).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Lan Manager Networking Concepts |url=http://support.microsoft.com/kb/86899 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121230184225/http://support.microsoft.com/kb/86899 |archive-date=December 30, 2012 |access-date=September 18, 2014 |website=Support |publisher=Microsoft}}</ref> It uses [[NTLM]] or [[Kerberos (protocol)|Kerberos]] protocols for user authentication. It also provides an authenticated [[inter-process communication]] (IPC) mechanism.
SMB was originally developed in 1983 by Barry A. Feigenbaum at IBM<ref name="tridgemyths" /> to [[shared access|share access]] to [[Computer file|files]] and [[Printer (computing)|printers]] across a network of systems running IBM's [[OS/2]]. In 1987, [[Microsoft]] and [[3Com]] implemented SMB in [[LAN Manager]] for OS/2, at which time SMB used the [[NetBIOS]] service atop the [[NetBIOS Frames]] protocol as its underlying transport. Later, Microsoft implemented SMB in [[Windows NT 3.1]] and has been updating it ever since, adapting it to work with newer underlying transports: [[TCP/IP]] and [[NetBIOS over TCP/IP|NetBT]]. SMB over [[QUIC]] was introduced in [[Windows Server 2022]].
In 1996, Microsoft published a version of SMB 1.0<ref name=":2" /> with minor modifications under the '''Common Internet File System''' ('''CIFS''' {{IPAc-en|s|ɪ|f|s}}) moniker. CIFS was compatible with even the earliest incarnation of SMB, including [[LAN Manager]]'s.<ref name=":2" /> It supports symbolic links, hard links, and larger file size, but none of the features of SMB 2.0 and later.<ref name=":2">{{cite web|date=18 July 2012|title=Common Internet File System|url=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-2000-server/cc939973(v=technet.10)|website=Windows 2000 Web and Application Services Technical Overview|publisher=Microsoft|via=[[Microsoft Docs]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Coulter|first1=David|last2=Satran|first2=Michael|last3=Batchelor|first3=Drew|date=8 January 2021|title=Microsoft SMB Protocol and CIFS Protocol Overview|url=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/fileio/microsoft-smb-protocol-and-cifs-protocol-overview|website=Windows App Development|publisher=[[Microsoft]]|via=[[Microsoft Docs]]}}</ref> Microsoft's proposal, however, remained an [[Internet Draft]] and never achieved standard status.<ref name="IETF" /> Microsoft has since discontinued the CIFS moniker but continues developing SMB and publishing subsequent specifications. [[Samba (software)|Samba]] is a [[free software]] reimplementation of the SMB protocol and the Microsoft extensions to it.
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