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Kaltenmeyer (talk | contribs) Importing Wikidata short description: "Systems and services that enable open science" |
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The conceptual definition of open science infrastructures has been largely influenced by the analysis of [[Elinor Ostrom]] on the [[commons]] and more specifically on the [[knowledge commons]]. In accordance with Ostrom, [[Cameron Neylon]] understates that open infrastructures are not only characterized by the management of a pool of common resources but also by the elaboration of common governance and norms.{{sfn|Neylon|2017|p=7}} The economic theory of the commons make it possible to expand beyond the scope of limited scope of scholar associations toward large scale community-led initiatives: "Ostrom's work (…) provides a template (…) to make the transition from a local ''club'' to a community-wide infrastructure."{{sfn|Neylon|2017|pp=7-8}} Open science infrastructure tend to favor a non-for profit, publicly-funded model with strong involvement from scientific communities, which disassociate them from privately-owned closed infrastructures: "open infrastructures are often scholar-led and run by non-profit organisations, making them mission-driven instead of profit-driven."{{sfn|Kraker|2021|p=2}} This status aims to ensure the autonomy of the infratructure and prevent their incorporation into commercial infrastructure.{{sfn|European Commission. Directorate General for Research and Innovation|2019|p={{pn|date=February 2024}}}} It has wide range implications on the way the organization is managed: "the differences between commercial services and non-profit services permeated almost every aspect of their responses to their environment".{{sfn|Fecher et al.|2021|p=505}}
Open science infrastructures are not only a more specific subset of scientific infrastructures and cyberinfrastructures but may also include actors that would not fall into this definition. "Open access publication platforms" such as [[Scielo]], [[OpenEdition.org|OpenEdition]] or the [[Open Library of Humanities]] are considered an integral part of open science infrastructures in the UNESCO definition{{sfn|UNESCO|2021}} and in several literature review{{sfn|Lewis|2020|p=6}} and policy reports,{{sfn|Ficarra et al.|2020|p=8}} whereas they were usually considered as a separate entities in the policy debate on cyberinfrastructure and e-infrastructures.{{sfn|Dacos|2013}} In the 2010 report of the European Commission on e-infrastructure, scientific publishing
Open science infrastructures may also incorporate additional values and ethical principles. Samuel Moore has theorized a form of ''care-full scholarly commons'' that does not exist yet but would incorporate latent forms of open science infrastructure and communities: "In addition to sharing resources with other projects, commoning also requires commoners to adopt an outwardly-focused, generous attitude to other commons projects, redirecting their labour away from proprietary."{{sfn|Moore|2019|p=183}} In 2018, Okune et al. introduced a similar concept of "inclusive knowledge infrastructures" that "deliberately allow for multiple forms of participation amongst a diverse set of actors (…) and seek to redress power relations within a given context."{{sfn|Okune et al.|2018|p=3}}
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