Fixed-field alternating gradient accelerator: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 05:56, 7 March 2023

Revision as of 16:29, 25 May 2024

Line 111:

===Continuing development===

[[File:aspun.jpg|thumb|ASPUN ring (scaling FFA). The first ANL design ASPUN was a spiral machine designed to increase momentum threefold with a modest spiral as compared with the MURA machines.<ref>{{cite journal|title=ASPUN, Design for an Argonne Super Intense Pulsed Neutron Source|last1=Khoe|first1=T.K.|last2=Kustom|first2=R.L.|volume=30|issue=4|pages=2086–2088|journal=[[IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science]]|date=August 1983|doi=10.1109/tns.1983.4332724|bibcode=1983ITNS...30.2086K|url=https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1108437/|issn=0891-9356|citeseerx=10.1.1.609.1789|s2cid=31021790 }}</ref>]]

[[File:PhilM3-Gode.pdf|thumb|Example of a 16-cell superconducting FFA. Energy: 1.6 GeV, average radius 26 m.]]

In the early 1980s, it was suggested by Phil Meads that an FFA was suitable and advantageous as a proton accelerator for an [[Spallation#Production of neutrons at a spallation neutron source|intense spallation neutron source]],<ref>{{cite journal|title=An FFA Compressor and Accelerator Ring Studied for the German Spallation Neutron Source|last1=Meads|first1=P.|last2=Wüstefeld|first2=G.|volume=32|issue=5 (part II)|pages=2697–2699|journal=[[IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science]]|date=October 1985|bibcode=1985ITNS...32.2697M|doi=10.1109/TNS.1985.4334153|s2cid=41784649 }}</ref> starting off projects like the Argonne Tandem Linear Accelerator at [[Argonne National Laboratory]]<ref>{{cite web |title = Argonne History: Understanding the Physical Universe |publisher = Argonne National Laboratory |url = http://www.anl.gov/Science_and_Technology/History/Anniversary_Frontiers/physhist.html#neutrino|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040909173546/http://www.anl.gov/Science_and_Technology/History/Anniversary_Frontiers/physhist.html|archive-date=9 September 2004}}</ref> and the Cooler [[Synchrotron]] at [[Jülich Research Centre]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fz-juelich.de/ikp/EN/Forschung/Beschleuniger/_doc/COSY.html|title=COSY - Fundamental research in the field of hadron, particle, and nuclear physics|publisher= Institute for Nuclear Physics|access-date=12 February 2017}}</ref>

Conferences exploring this possibility were held at Jülich Research Centre, starting from 1984.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jdsweb.jinr.ru/record/38097|title= 2nd Jülich Seminar on Fixed Field Alternating Gradient Accelerators (FFA)|___location=[[Jülich]]|last=Wüstefeld|first=G.|date=14 May 1984|access-date=12 February 2017}}</ref> There have also been numerous annual [[Academic conference|workshops]] focusing on FFA accelerators<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://accelconf.web.cern.ch/AccelConf/p05/papers/foac003.pdf|title=New Concepts in FFAG Design for Secondary Beam Facilities and Other Applications|journal=21St Particle Accelerator Conference (Pac 05)|pages=261|first=M.K.|last=Craddock|year=2005|access-date=12 February 2012|bibcode=2005pac..conf..261C}}</ref> at [[CERN]], [[The High Energy Accelerator Research Organization|KEK]], [[Brookhaven National Laboratory|BNL]], [[TRIUMF]], [[Fermilab]], and the Reactor Research Institute at [[Kyoto University]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bnl.gov/ffag14/pastWorkshops.php|title=Previous Workshops|publisher=[[Brookhaven National Laboratory|BNL]]|access-date=12 February 2017}}</ref> In 1992, the European Particle Accelerator Conference at CERN was about FFA accelerators.<ref name=FFAGopts>{{Cite journal