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</ref> Topics such as [[data abstraction]] and [[modularity (programming)|modular programming]] were common points of discussion at this time.
Independently of later MIT work such as AED, [[Simula]] was developed during the years 1961–1967.<ref name=simuladev/>
Simula introduced important concepts that are today an essential part of object-oriented programming, such as [[Class (computer programming)|class]] and [[Object (computer science)|object]], inheritance, and [[Dynamic binding (computing)|dynamic binding]].<ref name=auto>{{cite journal
|author=Jan Rune Holmevik,
|title=Compiling SIMULA: a historical study of technological genesis
|journal= [[IEEE Annals of the History of Computing]]
|volume=16
|issue=4
|pages=25-37
|date=Winter 1994
|doi=10.1109/85.329756}}
</ref>
The object-oriented Simula programming language was used mainly by researchers involved with [[physical modelling]], such as models to study and improve the movement of ships and their content through cargo ports.<ref name="auto"/>
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