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Line 188: The [[bioluminescence]] of the [[larva]]e of [[firefly\|fireflie]]s is also circularly polarized, as reported in 1980 for the species ''[[Photuris\|Photuris lucicrescens]]'' and ''[[Photuris versicolor]]''. For fireflies, it is more difficult to find a microscopic explanation for the polarization, because the left and right lanterns of the larvae were found to emit polarized light of opposite senses. The authors suggest that the light begins with a [[linear polarization]] due to inhomogeneities inside aligned [[photocyte]]s, and it picks up circular polarization while passing through linearly [[Birefringence\|birefringent]] tissue.<ref>{{cite journal \|title=Circular polarization observed in bioluminescence \|author1=Wynberg, Hans \|author2=Meijer, E.W. \|author3=Hummelen, J.C. \|author4=Dekkers, H.P.J.M. \|author5=Schippers, P.H. \|author6=Carlson, A.D. \|url=http://keur.eldoc.ub.rug.nl/FILES/wetenschappers/10/29/29.pdf \|journal=Nature \|volume=286 \|issue=5773 \|pages=641–642 \|date=7 August 1980 \|doi=10.1038/286641a0 \|bibcode=1980Natur.286..641W \|s2cid=4324467 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724164914/http://keur.eldoc.ub.rug.nl/FILES/wetenschappers/10/29/29.pdf \|archive-date=24 July 2011 }}</ref> Circular polarization has been detected in light reflected from leaves and photosynthetic microbes.<ref name="b966">{{cite journal \| ~~last~~last1=Sparks \| ~~first~~first1=William B. \| last2=Hough \| first2=James \| last3=Germer \| first3=Thomas A. \| last4=Chen \| first4=Feng \| last5=DasSarma \| first5=Shiladitya \| last6=DasSarma \| first6=Priya \| last7=Robb \| first7=Frank T. \| last8=Manset \| first8=Nadine \| last9=Kolokolova \| first9=Ludmilla \| last10=Reid \| first10=Neill \| last11=Macchetto \| first11=F. Duccio \| last12=Martin \| first12=William \| title=Detection of circular polarization in light scattered from photosynthetic microbes \| journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences \| volume=106 \| issue=19 \| date=2009-05-12 \| issn=0027-8424 \| pmid=19416893 \| pmc=2674403 \| doi=10.1073/pnas.0810215106 \| pages=7816–7821\| doi-access=free \| arxiv=0904.4646 \| bibcode=2009PNAS..106.7816S }}</ref> Water-air interfaces provide another source of circular polarization. Sunlight that gets scattered back up towards the surface is linearly polarized. If this light is then [[total internal reflection\|totally internally reflected]] back down, its vertical component undergoes a phase shift. To an underwater observer looking up, the faint light outside [[Snell's window]] therefore is (partially) circularly polarized.<ref>{{cite book \|title=Polarized Light in Animal Vision: Polarization Patterns in Nature \|author1=Horváth, Gábor \|author2=Dezsö Varjú \|year=2003 \|publisher=Springer \|isbn=978-3-540-40457-6 \|pages=100–103}}</ref>

Circular polarization: Difference between revisions