Some commonly used particles in [[Afrikaans]] include:
* ''{{lang|af|nie''}}<sub>2</sub>: Afrikaans has a [[Double negative#Other Germanic languages|double negation system]], as in ''{{lang|af|Sy is nie<sub>1</sub> moeg nie<sub>2</sub>''}} 'She is not tired '''<small>PTCL.NEG</small>'''<nowiki/>' (meaning 'She is not tired'). The first ''{{lang|af|nie''}}<sub>1</sub> is analysed as an adverb, while the second ''{{lang|af|nie''}}<sub>2</sub> as a negation particle.
* ''{{lang|af|te''}}: Infinitive verbs are preceded by the [[complementiser]] ''{{lang|af|om''}} and the infinitival particle ''{{lang|af|te''}}, e.g. ''{{lang|af|Jy moet onthou om te eet''}} 'You must remember for <small>COMP</small> '''<small>PTCL.INF</small>''' eat' (meaning 'You must remember to eat').
* ''{{lang|af|se''}} or ''{{lang|af|van''}}: Both ''{{lang|af|se''}} and ''{{lang|af|van''}} are [[genitive]] particles, e.g. ''{{lang|af|Peter se boek''}} 'Peter '''<small>PTCL.GEN</small>''' book' (meaning 'Peter's book'), or ''{{lang|af|die boek van Peter''}} 'the book '''<small>PTCL.GEN</small>''' Peter' (meaning 'Peter's book').
* ''{{lang|af|so''}} and ''{{lang|af|soos''}}: These two particles are found in constructions like ''{{lang|af|so groot soos 'n huis''}} ''''<small>PTCL.CMPR</small>''' big '''<small>PTCL.CMPR</small>''' a house' (meaning 'as big as a house').
== Arabic ==
Particles in Arabic can take the form of a single root letter before a given word, like "{{lang|ar|-و}}" (''and''), "{{lang|ar|-ف}}" (''so'') and "{{lang|ar|-'''ل'''}}" (''to''). However, other particles like "{{lang|ar|هل}}" (which marks a question) can be complete words as well.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Wightwick|first1=Jane|title=Mastering Arabic 1|last2=Gaafar|first2=Mahmoud|publisher=[[Hippocrene Books]]}}</ref>
== Chinese ==
{{See also|Chinese particles}}
There are three types of {{lang|zh-pinyin|zhùcí}} ({{lang|zh|助詞}}; particles) in Chinese: Structural, Aspectual, and Modal. Structural particles are used for [[grammatical relations]]. Aspectual particles signal [[grammatical aspect]]s. Modal particles express [[linguistic modality]]. Note that particles are different from {{lang|zh-pinyin|zhùdòngcí}} ({{lang|zh|助動詞}}; modal verbs) in Chinese.
