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{{Windows 11}}
[[Windows 11]] is a major release of the [[Windows NT]] [[operating system]] and is the successor to [[Windows 10]]. It introduces new features such as a redesigned interface, new productivity and social features, and updates to security and accessibility, along with improvements to performance.<ref name="
==Windows Shell==
{{Main|Windows shell}}
* '''[[Fluent Design System]]:''' Updates the Fluent Design System, a [[design language]] introduced by [[Microsoft]] in 2017,<ref>{{Cite news|date=May 11, 2017|title=Fluent Design is Microsoft's new modern UI for Windows and more|url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/5/11/15615812/microsoft-fluent-design-system-project-neon-features|access-date=May 11, 2017|website=The Verge}}</ref> are featured in Windows 11. According to Microsoft, the design of Windows 11 is "effortless, calm, personal, familiar, complete, and coherent."<ref>{{Cite web|last=hickeys|title=Windows 11 design principles - Windows apps|url=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/apps/design/signature-experiences/design-principles|access-date=June 29, 2021|website=docs.microsoft.com|date=June 24, 2021 |language=en-us}}</ref> The redesign focuses on simplicity, [[ease of use]], and flexibility,<ref name="
* '''[[Start menu|Start Menu]]:''' The Start menu has been significantly redesigned in Windows 11, adhering to the principles of the updated Fluent Design System. The menu has now been moved to the center by default, with an option to move it back to the left side. The Live Tiles feature introduced in [[Windows 8]] is replaced by a set of pinned apps and a new cloud-powered "Recommended" section that shows recently opened files and documents from any ___location, including a [[Personal computer|PC]], a [[smartphone]], and [[Microsoft OneDrive|OneDrive]]. The new Start menu also includes a search box.
* '''[[Taskbar]]:''' The Taskbar has also been center-aligned, and now includes new animations for pinning, rearranging, minimizing, and switching apps on the [[Taskbar]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Warren|first=Tom|date=June 15, 2021|title=Windows 11 leak reveals new UI, Start menu, and more|url=https://www.theverge.com/2021/6/15/22535123/microsoft-windows-11-leak-screenshots-start-menu|access-date=September 13, 2021|website=The Verge|language=en}}</ref> The buttons can still be moved to the left-hand corner as in [[Windows 10]].
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* '''Touch Keyboard:''' Windows 11 introduces thirteen new themes to customize the touch keyboard, including 3 hardware-matching themes that match the [[Microsoft Surface|Surface]] keyboard colors. It also adds a new theme engine that allows the user to create a custom theme using background images. In addition, Windows 11 adds the ability to resize the touch keyboard.
* '''Voice Typing:''' Windows 11 includes a new voice typing launcher to easily start voice typing in a selected field. It is turned off by default, but it can be turned on in Settings and placed in any area of the screen.
* '''Touch Improvements:''' Windows 11 also features an improvement to touch-based interactions. Tablet mode is removed;<ref name="
* '''Pen Menu:''' For digital pen users, a new pen menu has been added, which is accessible by clicking the pen icon on the taskbar. By default, it contains two apps that can be customized by clicking the gear icon and selecting "Edit pen menu". In the flyout, users can add up to four of their favorite drawing or writing apps to the pen menu to open them quickly when using a pen.
* '''Language and Input Switcher:''' A switcher that will show up next to the Quick Settings menu allows the user to switch languages and keyboard layouts. Users can press the Windows + Spacebar keyboard shortcut to toggle between input methods.
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==Windows Subsystem for Android (WSA)==
{{See also|Project Astoria|Windows Subsystem for Linux}}
Windows 11 allows users to install and run [[Android (operating system)#Applications|Android apps]] on their devices using the new Windows Subsystem for [[Android (operating system)|Android]] (WSA) and the [[Android Open Source Project]] (AOSP). This runs with [[Intel]] Bridge Technology, a [[Just-in-time compilation|runtime post-compiler]] that enables apps written for other [[Computer architecture|architectures]] to run on [[x86]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Intel's Bridge technology will allow Android apps to run natively on Windows 11|url=https://www.engadget.com/intel-bridge-windows-11-android-apps-181527847.html|access-date=June 29, 2021|website=Engadget|date=June 24, 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Intel Core Processors and Intel Bridge Technology Unleash Windows 11...|url=https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/newsroom/news/intel-tech-unleashes-windows-experience.html|access-date=June 29, 2021|website=Intel|language=en}}</ref> These apps can be obtained from the [[Microsoft Store]] via the [[Amazon Appstore]],<ref name="
On March 5, 2024, Microsoft announced the termination of this feature in the updated support document of WSA: "As a result, the Amazon Appstore on Windows and all applications and games dependent on WSA will no longer be supported beginning March 5, 2025. Until then, technical support will remain available to customers".<ref>{{Cite web |last=mattwojo |date=2024-03-05 |title=Windows Subsystem for Android™️ |url=https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/android/wsa/ |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=learn.microsoft.com |language=en-us}}</ref>
==Windows 11 on Arm==
In Windows 11 on Arm CHPE is replaced by ARM64EC (Emulation Compatible), a superset of ARM64 which combining ARM64 and x86 code (32-bit and 64-bit), allowing apps to be incrementally transition from emulated to native.<ref>{{Cite web|last=marswe|date=2023-02-06|title=Arm64EC for Windows 11 apps on Arm|url=https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/arm/arm64ec|access-date=2023-10-23|website=learn.microsoft.com|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Blog|first1=Windows Developer|last2=Sweetgall|first2=Marc|date=2021-06-28|title=Announcing ARM64EC: Building Native and Interoperable Apps for Windows 11 on ARM|url=https://blogs.windows.com/windowsdeveloper/2021/06/28/announcing-arm64ec-building-native-and-interoperable-apps-for-windows-11-on-arm/|access-date=2023-10-23|website=Windows Developer Blog|language=en-US}}</ref> Arm64X binaries were also introduced to support classic Arm64 code and Arm64EC code together.<ref>{{Cite web|last=marswe|date=2022-08-13|title=Arm64X PE Files|url=https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/arm/arm64x-pe|access-date=2023-10-23|website=learn.microsoft.com|language=en-us}}</ref> Windows 11 added support for [[OpenCL]] 1.2 via CLon12 and [[OpenGL]] 3.3 via GLon12, open source OpenCL and OpenGL implementations on top DirectX 12 via [[Mesa (computer graphics)#Gallium3D|Mesa Gallium]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-03-13|title=State of Windows on Arm64: a high-level perspective|url=https://chipsandcheese.com/2022/03/13/state-of-windows-on-arm64-a-high-level-perspective/|access-date=2023-10-23|website=Chips and Cheese|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Introducing OpenCL and OpenGL on DirectX|url=https://www.collabora.com/news-and-blog/news-and-events/introducing-opencl-and-opengl-on-directx.html|access-date=2023-10-23|website=Collabora - Open Source Consulting|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Deep dive into OpenGL over DirectX layering|url=https://www.collabora.com/news-and-blog/blog/2020/07/09/deep-dive-into-opengl-over-directx-layering/|access-date=2023-10-23|website=Collabora - Open Source Consulting|language=en}}</ref> [[Windows 11 version history#Version 22H2 (2022 Update)|Version 22H2]] updated the [[.NET Framework version history#.NET Framework 4.8.1|.NET Framework]] adding native ARM64 support.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Overfield|first=Tara|date=2022-08-09|title=Announcing .NET Framework 4.8.1|url=https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/announcing-dotnet-framework-481/|access-date=2023-10-23|website=.NET Blog|language=en-US}}</ref> [[Windows 11 version history#Version 23H2 (2023 Update)|Version 23H2]] added support for Support for vTPM in Hyper-V.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=
==Bundled software==
* '''[[Microsoft Store]]''', which serves as a unified storefront for apps and other content, is also redesigned in Windows 11. Microsoft now allows developers to distribute [[Windows API]], [[progressive web application]]s, and other packaging technologies in the Microsoft Store, alongside the standard [[Universal Windows Platform apps]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=June 24, 2021|title=Microsoft is committed to the Microsoft Store with Windows 11|url=https://www.windowscentral.com/more-app-more-stores-more-money-windows-11-win-developers|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625222845/https://www.windowscentral.com/more-app-more-stores-more-money-windows-11-win-developers|archive-date=June 25, 2021|access-date=June 25, 2021|website=Windows Central}}</ref> The new Microsoft Store will also enable users to install [[Android (operating system)|Android]] apps onto their devices via the [[Amazon Appstore]]. This feature will require a Microsoft account, an Amazon account, and a one-time install for Windows Amazon Appstore client.<ref name="
* '''[[Microsoft Teams]]:''' This collaboration platform is directly integrated into Windows 11. [[Skype]] is no longer bundled with the OS.<ref name="Warren2021"/><ref>{{Cite web|last=Lawler|first=Richard|date=June 24, 2021|title=Microsoft didn't kill Skype, but Windows 11 is shoving it out of sight|url=https://www.theverge.com/2021/6/24/22549191/skype-windows-11-microsoft-teams|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625050147/https://www.theverge.com/2021/6/24/22549191/skype-windows-11-microsoft-teams|archive-date=June 25, 2021|access-date=June 25, 2021|website=The Verge|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Welch|first=Chris|date=June 24, 2021|title=Microsoft Teams will be directly integrated as part of Windows 11|url=https://www.theverge.com/2021/6/24/22548738/microsoft-teams-windows-11-integration-announcement-features|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624170727/https://www.theverge.com/2021/6/24/22548738/microsoft-teams-windows-11-integration-announcement-features|archive-date=June 24, 2021|access-date=June 25, 2021|website=The Verge|language=en}}</ref> Teams will appear as an icon in the Windows taskbar, letting users message and call their contacts instantly.<ref>{{Cite web|date=June 24, 2021|title=Microsoft unveils Windows 11, integrating Teams directly into flagship operating system|url=https://www.geekwire.com/2021/microsoft-unveils-windows-11-integrating-teams-directly-flagship-operating-system/|access-date=June 29, 2021|website=GeekWire|language=en-US}}</ref>
* '''[[Settings (Windows)|Settings]]:''' The app has been redesigned to be visually pleasing and easy to use in Windows 11. It has a left-handed navigation that persists between pages, and it adds breadcrumbs as the user navigates deeper into the settings to help them know where they are and to not get lost. The Settings app also includes brand new pages, with new controls at the top that highlight key information and frequently used settings for the user to adjust to their content. These new controls span across several category pages like System, Bluetooth & devices, Personalization, Accounts and Windows Update. It also adds expandable boxes for pages with many settings.
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Microsoft promoted performance improvements such as smaller update sizes, faster web browsing in "any browser", faster wake time from sleep mode, and faster [[Windows Hello]] authentication.<ref name="Warren2021"/><ref>{{Cite web|last=Salter|first=Jim|date=June 24, 2021|title=Windows 11 is much more than a new theme slapped onto Windows 10|url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2021/06/microsoft-details-windows-11-with-new-ui-and-android-app-support/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625203309/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2021/06/microsoft-details-windows-11-with-new-ui-and-android-app-support/|archive-date=June 25, 2021|access-date=June 25, 2021|website=Ars Technica|language=en-us}}</ref>
As part of the minimum system requirements, Windows 11 only officially supports devices with a [[Trusted Platform Module|Trusted Platform Module 2.0]] security coprocessor.<ref name=":8">{{cite web|date=June 2021|title=Windows 11: Minimum Hardware Requirements|url=https://download.microsoft.com/download/7/8/8/788bf5ab-0751-4928-a22c-dffdc23c27f2/Minimum%20Hardware%20Requirements%20for%20Windows%2011.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624195007/https://download.microsoft.com/download/7/8/8/788bf5ab-0751-4928-a22c-dffdc23c27f2/Minimum%20Hardware%20Requirements%20for%20Windows%2011.pdf|archive-date=June 24, 2021|access-date=June 25, 2021|website=Microsoft}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Windows 11 won't work without a TPM - What you need to know|url=https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/microsoft/windows-11-wont-work-without-a-tpm-what-you-need-to-know/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625193452/https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/microsoft/windows-11-wont-work-without-a-tpm-what-you-need-to-know/|archive-date=June 25, 2021|access-date=June 25, 2021|website=BleepingComputer|language=en-us}}</ref> According to Microsoft, TPM 2.0 is a "critical building block" for protection against firmware and hardware attacks. In addition, Microsoft now requires devices with Windows 11 to include Virtualization-Based Security (VBS), Hypervisor-Protected Code Integrity (HVCI), and [[Unified Extensible Firmware Interface#Secure Boot|Secure Boot]] built-in and enabled by default.<ref>{{Cite web|date=June 25, 2021|title=Windows 11 enables security by design from the chip to the cloud|url=https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/06/25/windows-11-enables-security-by-design-from-the-chip-to-the-cloud/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626053707/https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/06/25/windows-11-enables-security-by-design-from-the-chip-to-the-cloud/|archive-date=June 26, 2021|access-date=June 26, 2021|website=Microsoft Security Blog|language=en-US}}</ref> The operating system also features hardware-enforced stack protection for supported Intel and AMD processors for protection against [[zero-day exploit]]s. Windows 11 Home SKUs require an Internet connection and a Microsoft account for first-time setup.<ref name="
==See also==
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