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Particles<ref name=":1" />
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*{{lang|hi|ही}} ({{transl|hi|hī}}) — [https://hindilanguage.info/hindi-grammar/particles/hi/ Exclusive Emphatic Particle]
*{{lang|hi|भी}} ({{transl|hi|bhī}}) — Inclusive Emphatic Particle
*{{lang|hi|यूँ}} ({{transl|hi|yū̃}}) — [https://hindilanguage.info/hindi-grammar/particles/yun/ Manner Emphatic Particle]
|{{lang|hi|ही}} ({{transl|hi|hī}}) can roughly be translated as "only", "just", "alone" etc<br>{{lang|hi|भी}} ({{transl|hi|bhī}}) can roughly be translated as "also", "too", "can't even" etc
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Particles
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*{{lang|hi|तो}} (to) — "[[topic marker]]"
|{{lang|hi|तो}} is used to mark the topic in the sentence which is often not the same the subject of a sentence. It indicates either presuppositionally shared information or shift in thematic orientation.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Montaut|first=Annie|date=2015|title=The discourse particle to and word ordering in Hindi: From grammar to discourse|url=https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01287633|language=en|volume=283|pages=263|publisher=Benjamins }}</ref><ref>Case markers and Morphology: Addressing the crux of the fluency problem in English-Hindi SMT: https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P09-1090.pdf</ref> It has a rather flexible position in a sentence; it always goes after the topic of the sentence, even if that topic contains other particles.
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*{{lang|hi|क्या}} ({{transl|hi|kyā}}) — "question marker"
*{{lang|hi|ना}} ({{transl|hi|nā}}) — "doubt / confirmatory marker"
|The [[Yes–no question|question-marker]] क्या can come at the beginning or the end of a sentence as its default position but can also appear in between the sentence if it cannot also be interpreted as its non-particle meaning of "what" at a mid position in the sentence.<ref name=":03">{{Cite journal|last1=Bhatt|first1=Rajesh|last2=Dayal|first2=Veneeta|date=2020-01-31|title=Polar question particles: Hindi-Urdu kya|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s11049-020-09464-0|journal=Natural Language & Linguistic Theory|volume=38|issue=4|pages=1115–1144|language=en|doi=10.1007/s11049-020-09464-0|s2cid=213719773|issn=1573-0859}}</ref> {{lang|hi|ना}} can only come at the end of a sentence and nowhere else. It conveys that the asker is in doubt or is seeking for a confirmation.<ref>Negation in modern Hindi-Urdu: the development of nahII: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/downloads/g158bh795?locale=en</ref>
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# {{lang|hi|वो गाता है क्या?}} ({{transl|hi|vo gātā hai kyā?}})
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Particles
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*{{lang|hi|को}} ({{transl|hi|ko}}) — "[[Dative case|dative]] marker" & "[[Accusative case|accusative]] marker"
*{{lang|hi|से}} ({{transl|hi|se}}) — "[[Ablative case|ablative]] marker" & "[[Instrumental case|instrumental]] marker"
*{{lang|hi|ने}} ({{transl|hi|ne}}) — "[[Ergative case|ergative]] marker"
*{{lang|hi|का}} ({{transl|hi|kā}}) — "[[Genitive case|genitive]] marker"
*{{lang|hi|में}} ({{transl|hi|mē̃}}) — "[[Locative case|locative]] marker" "in / inside"
*{{lang|hi|पे / पर}} ({{transl|hi|pe / par}}) — "[[Locative case|locative]] marker" "on / at"
*{{lang|hi|तक}} ({{transl|hi|tak}}) — "[[Locative case|locative]] marker" "up to, until, as far as"
*{{lang|hi|सा}} ({{transl|hi|sā}}) — "[[Semblative case|semblative]] marker" "like, -ish, -esque"
|The case marking particles require the noun to be declined to be in their oblique case forms. However, these markers themselves (except for one){{Clarify|reason=which one?|date=February 2023}} can inflect and change forms depending on the gender of the noun they modify.<ref>{{Citation|last1=de Hoop|first1=Helen|title=Chapter 12 - Differential Case-Marking in Hindi|date=2005-01-01|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978008044651650015X|work=Competition and Variation in Natural Languages|pages=321–345|editor-last=Amberber|editor-first=Mengistu|series=Perspectives on Cognitive Science|place=Oxford|publisher=Elsevier|language=en|access-date=2020-11-16|last2=Narasimhan|first2=Bhuvana|doi=10.1016/B978-008044651-6/50015-X |hdl=11858/00-001M-0000-0013-1748-5 |isbn=9780080446516 |editor2-last=De Hoop|editor2-first=Helen|hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=CASE IN HINDI|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267724707|access-date=2020-11-16|website=ResearchGate|language=en}}</ref>
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