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[[File:Bacterial mobile elements.svg|thumb|upright=1.35|[[Mobile genetic elements]] in the cell (left) and how they can be acquired (right)]]
[[Transposon]]s and [[retrotransposon]]s are [[mobile genetic elements]]. Retrotransposon [[Repeated sequence (DNA)|repeated sequences]], which include [[Retrotransposon#LINEs|long interspersed nuclear elements]] (LINEs) and [[Retrotransposon#SINEs|short interspersed nuclear elements]] (SINEs), account for a large proportion of the genomic sequences in many species. [[Alu sequence]]s, classified as a short interspersed nuclear element, are the most abundant mobile elements in the human genome. Some examples have been found of SINEs exerting transcriptional control of some protein-encoding genes.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Ponicsan SL, Kugel JF, Goodrich JA |title=Genomic gems: SINE RNAs regulate mRNA production |journal=Current Opinion in Genetics & Development |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=149–155 |date=April 2010 |pmid=20176473 |pmc=2859989 |doi=10.1016/j.gde.2010.01.004}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Häsler J, Samuelsson T, Strub K |title=Useful 'junk': Alu RNAs in the human transcriptome |journal=Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences |volume=64 |issue=14 |pages=1793–1800 |date=July 2007 |pmid=17514354 |s2cid=5938630 |doi=10.1007/s00018-007-7084-0 |type=Submitted manuscript |url=https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:17489|pmc=11136058 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Walters RD, Kugel JF, Goodrich JA |title=InvAluable junk: the cellular impact and function of Alu and B2 RNAs |journal=IUBMB Life |volume=61 |issue=8 |pages=831–837 |date=August 2009 |pmid=19621349 |pmc=4049031 |doi=10.1002/iub.227}}</ref>
[[Endogenous retrovirus]] sequences are the product of [[reverse transcription]] of [[retrovirus]] genomes into the genomes of [[germ cell]]s. Mutation within these retro-transcribed sequences can inactivate the viral genome.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Nelson PN, Hooley P, Roden D, Davari Ejtehadi H, Rylance P, Warren P, Martin J, Murray PG | display-authors = 6 | title = Human endogenous retroviruses: transposable elements with potential? | journal = Clinical and Experimental Immunology | volume = 138 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–9 | date = October 2004 | pmid = 15373898 | pmc = 1809191 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2004.02592.x }}</ref>
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