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→Significant impacts of POP policy: This article was a mess... I began with adding citations but it was written like an opinion essay and had little-to-no evidence for the article. I kept what little was worth keeping, but this needs a massive re-working and rebuild from scratch. It was honestly nonsensical before. |
m Open access bot: doi updated in citation with #oabot. |
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==Criticism==
Problem-oriented policing can have some [[unintended consequence]]s, including displacement of the problem from its origins.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Brown |first=Rick |url=https://portal.cops.usdoj.gov/resourcecenter/content.ashx/cops-p131-pub.pdf |title=Implementing Responses to Problems |last2=Scott |first2=Michael S. |date=2007 |publisher=Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, U.S. Department of Justice |year=2007 |isbn=1-932582-80-0 |series=Problem-Oriented Guides for Police Problem-Solving Tools Series |volume=7 |publication-date=2007 |pages=40, 4 |language=en}}</ref> The majority of problem-oriented policing projects fail to investigate displacement. Law enforcement is generally satisfied to achieve a crime reduction in the targeted area and may be less concerned if crime is displaced outside their jurisdiction. However, assessing and understanding potential displacement effects can help ensure the effectiveness of problem-oriented policing. Response to criticism of POP based on this unintended consequence has been challenged: a systematic review published in 2011 argued that while displacement is viewed as a negative consequence of crime prevention efforts, it can provide benefits.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bowers |first=Kate |last2=Johnson |first2=Shane |last3=Guerette |first3=Rob T. |last4=Summers |first4=Lucia |last5=Poynton |first5=Suzanne |date=2011 |title=SPATIAL DISPLACEMENT AND DIFFUSION OF BENEFITS AMONG GEOGRAPHICALLY FOCUSED POLICING INITIATIVES |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.4073/csr.2011.3 |journal=Campbell Systematic Reviews |language=en |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=1–144 |doi=10.4073/csr.2011.3 |issn=1891-1803|doi-access=free }}</ref>
Another criticism comes from a particular challenge to many policing approaches: trust. If a community has no trust in law enforcement, then law enforcement and the community will have friction. As difficult as it is often for police officers to obtain "buy-in" within, it is often even more difficult to convince people outside the police department, such as community partners, to carry out specific tasks faithfully and properly without a negative inference of its inadequacy in satisfying the expectations of the masses.<ref name=":0" />
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