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:''The article [[Exodus]] discusses the events related in the book of the [[
'''The Exodus''' or '''Ytsiyat Mitsrayim''' ([[Hebrew]]: יציאת מצרים, [[Tiberian Hebrew|Tiberian]]: {{IPA|jəs<sup>ʕ</sup>ijaθ mis<sup>ʕ</sup>ɾajim}}, "the going out of Egypt") refers to the Exodus of the Israelites out of Egypt. These [[Hebrew people|Hebrew]] [[slavery|slave]]s left [[Egypt]] under the leadership of [[Moses]] and [[Aaron]], to return back to the [[Land of Israel]], as described in the biblical Book of [[Exodus]]. It forms the basis of the Jewish holiday of [[Passover]]. See also [[Passage of the Red Sea]].
==Biblical narrative==
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== Interpretation==
{{Unreferenced|date=April 2007}}
The findings of modern archaeologists may present a challenge for [[Orthodox Jews]] and [[fundamentalist Christians]], as it is here, at the Exodus and the subsequent Conquest of Canaan that the chronologies of the archaeologists seem to plainly diverge from those that may be derived from known versions of the Bible, at least in overall terms of centuries and populations. We are at the boundary between verifiable history and the earlier, harder-to-verify histories of the Bible. Such reasoning is possible because the Israelite chronologies seem secure back through the time of Solomon, and those of Egypt much farther back. It would appear we have what may reasonably be described as proto-Israelite material culture transitions which can be dated with reasonable accuracy, and occur at unexpectedly late dates. Now, since only 40 years separate the Exodus and the Conquest in the biblical narrative, if we are talking about a Late Conquest, we are talking about a Late Exodus as well. Thus, conservative scholars within Judaism and Christianity by and large still attempt to maintain Biblical chronologies in keeping with I Ki. 6:1, rabbinical materials, or Josephus, i.e. early Exodus chronologies, whereas less literalist scholars within these traditions as well as most scholars outside of them by and large subscribe to Late Exodus chronologies. Most archaeologists working on the territories of ancient Israel now support chronologies differing from the biblical Conquest of Canaan by some centuries, and if it turns out they are right, we may have to revise our historical view of the Exodus accordingly. In spite of what appears to be a discrepancy of archaeology with the Bible, the work of archaeologists does suggest the reality of the overall 'sweep of events' - e.g. an arrival in Canaan by this proto-Israelite material culture some centuries before the time that Solomon and David are believed to have lived, and Egypt had been known to enslave Semites.
Many [[rabbi]]s in the [[Talmud]] stated that one should never interpret certain Torah verses literally. Later rabbis, such as [[Maimonides]], taught that when scientific evidence contradicts a current understanding of the [[Gemara]], we must re-interpret that Gemara in accord with science. For many traditional rabbis, this did not apply to the Torah, and such a position would count as [[heresy]]. This view exists today within [[Conservative Judaism]], [[Reform Judaism]], and parts of [[Modern Orthodox Judaism]]. However, the strong negative reaction to leading Conservative Rabbi [[David Wolpe]]'s 2001 Passover speech, where he plainly stated that the Exodus did not happen, indicates that this is still a controversial issue even in the liberal Jewish movements.▼
▲Most archaeologists working on the territories of ancient Israel now support chronologies differing from the biblical Conquest of Canaan by some centuries, and if it turns out they are right, we may have to revise our historical view of the Exodus accordingly. In spite of what appears to be a discrepancy of archaeology with the Bible, the work of archaeologists does suggest the reality of the overall 'sweep of events' - e.g. an arrival in Canaan by this proto-Israelite material culture some centuries before the time that Solomon and David are believed to have lived, and Egypt had been known to enslave Semites.{{fact}} Egyptologists have even discovered various Exodus-like events that could well correspond to events such as those that may have given rise to the biblical Exodus narratives.{{fact}} Although nothing has been found to substantiate the presence of Egypto-Israelites wandering in the Sinai so as to fix the date of the Exodus, neither has anything like a direct, unambiguous record of Joshua and his attacks ever been found.
▲Many [[rabbi]]s in the [[Talmud]] stated that one should never interpret certain Torah verses literally. Later rabbis, such as [[Maimonides]], taught that when scientific evidence contradicts a current understanding of the [[Gemara]], we must re-interpret that Gemara in accord with science. For many traditional rabbis, this did not apply to the Torah, and such a position would count as [[heresy]]. This view exists today within [[Conservative Judaism]], [[Reform Judaism]], and parts of [[Modern Orthodox Judaism]].
== See also ==
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==References==
* ''Encyclopedia Judaica''. S.v. "Population". ISBN 0-685-36253-1
* Yilgal Shiloh. "The Population of Iron Age [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]] in the Light of a Sample Analysis of Urban Plans, Areas and Population Density." ''Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research'' (BASOR) 239, (1980): 25-35. ISSN 0003-097X
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