Content deleted Content added
Line 48:
===United States===
[[File:1953- Funding for research and development - US.svg|thumb|Since the 1960s, private businesses in the U.S. have provided an increasing share of funding for research and development, as direct federal funding waned.<ref name=NSF_R&D_2023>{{cite web |last1=Anderson |first1=G. |last2=Moris |first2=F. |title=Federally Funded R&D Declines as a Share of GDP and Total R&D |url=https://ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsf23339 |publisher=National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003235103/https://ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsf23339 |archive-date=3 October 2023 |date=2023 |quote=NSF 23-339 |url-status=live }}</ref>]]
Former President [[Barack Obama]] requested $147.696 billion for research and development in [[Fiscal year|FY]]2012, 21% of which was destined to fund basic research.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R41098.pdf|title=Federal Research and Development Funding: FY2011|publisher=Library of Congress, Congressional Research Service|year=2011|editor-last=Sargent|editor-first=John F Jr|oclc=1097445714}}</ref> According to National Science Foundation in U.S., in 2015, R&D expenditures performed by federal government and local governments are 54 and 0.6 billions of dollars.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/2018/nsb20181/assets/1038/research-and-development-u-s-trends-and-international-comparisons.pdf|title=Research and Development: U.S. Trends and International Comparisons, National Science Foundation.}}</ref> The federal research and development budget for fiscal year 2020 was $156 billion, 41.4% of which was for the Department of Defense ([[United States Department of Defense|DOD]]).<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 December 2020|title=Federal Research and Development (R&D) Funding: FY2021|url=https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R46341|access-date=20 February 2021}}</ref> DOD's total research, development, test, and evaluation budget was roughly $108.5 billion.<ref>{{Cite web|date=February 2020|title=RDT&E Programs (R-1)|url=https://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/Documents/defbudget/fy2021/fy2021_r1.pdf|access-date=20 February 2021|website=Office of the Undersecretary of Defense (Comptroller)}}</ref><gallery mode="packed">
File:The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (9416811752).jpg|The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California
</gallery>
=== Israel ===
| |||