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{{Program execution}}
'''Execution''' in [[computer engineering|computer]] and software engineering is the process by which a [[computer]] or [[virtual machine]] interprets and acts on the instructions of a [[computer program]]. Each instruction of a program is a description of a particular action which must be carried out, in order for a specific problem to be solved. Execution involves repeatedly following a "[[Instruction cycle|fetch–decode–execute]]" cycle for each instruction done by the [[control unit]]. As the executing machine follows the instructions, specific effects are produced in accordance with the [[Formal semantics of programming languages|semantics]] of those instructions.
Programs for a computer may be executed in a [[Batch processing|batch process]] without human interaction or a [[User (computing)|user]] may type [[Command (computing)|commands]] in an [[Session (computer science)|interactive session]] of an [[Interpreter (computing)|interpreter]]. In this case, the "commands" are simply program instructions, whose execution is chained together.
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== Process ==
{{see|Program lifecycle phase}}
Prior to execution, a program must first be written. This is generally done in [[source code]], which is then compiled at [[compile time]] (and statically linked at [[link time]]) to produce an executable. This executable is then invoked, most often by an operating system, which loads the program into memory ([[load time]]), possibly performs [[dynamic linking]], and then begins execution by moving control to the [[entry point]] of the program; all these steps depend on the [[Application Binary Interface]] of the operating system. At this point execution begins and the program enters [[run time (program lifecycle phase)|run time]]. The program then runs until it ends, either in a normal [[termination (computer science)|termination]] or a [[crash (computing)|crash]].
== Executable ==
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