Innate immune system: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 03:19, 11 July 2024

Revision as of 03:20, 11 July 2024

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Some viruses evade this by producing molecules that interfere with IFN production. For example, the [[Influenza A]] virus produces [[NS1 influenza protein|NS1]] protein, which can bind to host and viral RNA, interact with immune signaling proteins or block their activation by [[ubiquitin]]ation, thus inhibiting type I IFN production.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Heaton SM, Borg NA, Dixit VM | title = Ubiquitin in the activation and attenuation of innate antiviral immunity | journal = The Journal of Experimental Medicine | volume = 213 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–13 | date = January 2016 | pmid = 26712804 | pmc = 4710203 | doi = 10.1084/jem.20151531 }}</ref> Influenza A also blocks protein kinase R activation and establishment of the antiviral state.<ref name="Garcia">{{cite journal | vauthors = García-Sastre A, Egorov A, Matassov D, Brandt S, Levy DE, Durbin JE, Palese P, Muster T | display-authors = 6 | title = Influenza A virus lacking the NS1 gene replicates in interferon-deficient systems | journal = Virology | volume = 252 | issue = 2 | pages = 324–330 | date = December 1998 | pmid = 9878611 | doi = 10.1006/viro.1998.9508 | doi-access = free }}</ref> The dengue virus also inhibits type I IFN production by blocking [[IRF3|IRF-3]] [[Phosphorylation|phosophorylation]] using NS2B3 [[protease]] complex.<ref name="Rodriguez">{{cite journal | vauthors = Rodriguez-Madoz JR, Belicha-Villanueva A, Bernal-Rubio D, Ashour J, Ayllon J, Fernandez-Sesma A | title = Inhibition of the type I interferon response in human dendritic cells by dengue virus infection requires a catalytically active NS2B3 complex | journal = Journal of Virology | volume = 84 | issue = 19 | pages = 9760–9774 | date = October 2010 | pmid = 20660196 | pmc = 2937777 | doi = 10.1128/jvi.01051-10 }}</ref>

==Beyond vertebrates.==

===Prokaryotes===