512-bit computing: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 11:00, 14 January 2024

Revision as of 13:46, 15 July 2024

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There are currently no mainstream general-purpose [[CPU|processors]] built to operate on 512-bit integers or addresses, though a number of processors do operate on 512-bit data.

== Representation ==

A 512-bit register can store 2⁵¹² different values. The range of [[integer]] values that can be stored in 512 bits depends on the [[Integer (computer science)#Value and representation|integer representation]] used.

The maximum value of ana unsignedsigned 512-bit integer is {{nowrap|2⁵¹²⁵¹¹ −− 1}}, written in decimal as 136,{{Zwspzwsp}}407703,{{Zwspzwsp}}807903,{{Zwspzwsp}}929964,{{Zwspzwsp}}942971,{{Zwspzwsp}}597298,{{Zwspzwsp}}099549,{{Zwspzwsp}}574787,{{Zwspzwsp}}024012,{{Zwspzwsp}}998499,{{Zwspzwsp}}205102,{{Zwspzwsp}}846923,{{Zwspzwsp}}127063,{{Zwspzwsp}}479739,{{Zwspzwsp}}365682,{{Zwspzwsp}}820910,{{Zwspzwsp}}592296,{{Zwspzwsp}}393196,{{Zwspzwsp}}377688,{{Zwspzwsp}}723861,{{Zwspzwsp}}561780,{{Zwspzwsp}}443721,{{Zwspzwsp}}721860,{{Zwspzwsp}}764882,{{Zwspzwsp}}030015,{{Zwspzwsp}}073036,{{Zwspzwsp}}546773,{{Zwspzwsp}}976488,{{Zwspzwsp}}801400,{{Zwspzwsp}}874937,{{Zwspzwsp}}298149,{{Zwspzwsp}}166083,{{Zwspzwsp}}903451,{{Zwspzwsp}}427713,{{Zwspzwsp}}690845,{{Zwspzwsp}}031015,{{Zwspzwsp}}858929,{{Zwspzwsp}}186093,{{Zwspzwsp}}486243,{{Zwspzwsp}}050025,{{Zwspzwsp}}853426,{{Zwspzwsp}}753876,{{Zwspzwsp}}882941,{{Zwspzwsp}}811405,{{Zwspzwsp}}946973,{{Zwspzwsp}}569284,{{Zwspzwsp}}946973,{{Zwspzwsp}}433216,{{Zwspzwsp}}649824,{{Zwspzwsp}}006503,{{Zwspzwsp}}084042,{{Zwspzwsp}}095047, or approximately 16.340787039 x 10¹⁵⁴¹⁵³, or textualized as over 13.407 Quinquagintillion.

== Hardware ==

[[File:Sapphire Radeon R9 290X-front oblique PNr°0437.jpg|thumb|The AMD [[Radeon R9]] 290X (Sapphire OEM version pictured here) uses a 512 bit memory bus]]

The Intel [[Xeon Phi]] has a [[vector processing unit]] with 512-bit vector registers, each one holding sixteen [[32-bit computing|32-bit]] elements or eight [[64-bit computing|64-bit]] elements, and one instruction can operate on all these values in parallel. However, the Xeon Phi's vector processing unit does not operate on individual numbers that are 512 bits long.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://software.intel.com/sites/default/files/managed/09/07/xeon-phi-coprocessor-system-software-developers-guide.pdf|title=Intel Xeon Phi Coprocessor System Software Developers Guide|publisher=[[Intel]]|date=March 2014|access-date=April 30, 2019}}</ref>

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[[AVX-512]] are 512-bit extensions to the 256-bit [[Advanced Vector Extensions]] SIMD instructions for x86 [[instruction set architecture]] proposed by Intel in July 2013, and released on 2016 with [[Xeon Phi#Knights Landing|Knights Landing]], and in 2017 on the HEDT and consumer server platform, with Skylake-X and [[Skylake (microarchitecture)#Skylake-SP (14 nm) Scalable Performance|Skylake-SP]] respectively.

== Software ==

Many [[hash functions]], such as [[SHA-512]] and [[SHA3-512]], have a 512-bit output.

== References ==

{{Reflist}}