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===Controls damaged by pilot error===
In these incidents,
*[[Pan Am Flight 845]], a [[Boeing 747]], on 30 July 1971. When taking off from [[San Francisco International Airport]], the plane struck the [[approach lighting system]] after taxiing onto a much too short runway. After the impact, the plane continued into the takeoff roll, though its fuselage, landing gear, and 3 out of 4 hydraulic systems were badly damaged. After making a full circle over the Pacific Ocean for an hour and 42 minutes and dumping fuel, the plane made a hard emergency landing at San Francisco, ending on its tail. All 218 passengers survived with a few minor injuries.<ref>[[National Transportation Safety Board]] (24 May 1972), {{usurped|[https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20070621014610/http://www.airdisaster.com/reports/ntsb/AAR72-17.pdf Aircraft Accident Report]}}, retrieved 27 March 2014</ref>
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===Controls damaged by mid-air collision===
These incidents describe mid-air collisions that mainly damaged control systems of at least one of the aircraft, which may or may not have been recoverable.
*[[Eastern Air Lines Flight 853]], December 4, 1965: collision with [[TWA Flight 42]]. Flight 853, a [[Lockheed Super Constellation]], collided with Flight 42, a [[Boeing 707]], damaging the 707's wing and the Constellation's tail. The damage to Flight 853 left the Constellation controllable only by adjusting the throttles. Despite the damage, the crew was able to perform a crash landing on a mountain, with 50 of the 54 occupants surviving the crash. The captain survived the crash and escaped, but died trying to save a passenger who remained in the wreckage. The 707 made a successful emergency landing at [[John F. Kennedy International Airport]].
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